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Cutting Edge: Re-evaluating the In Vivo Cytokine Responses of CD8+ T Cells during Primary and Secondary Viral Infections
Open accessAbstract
Virus-specific CD8+ T cells produce IFN-γ after Ag contact and, in the absence of this cytokine, the host often cannot eradicate infection. However, our ability to identify cells that are actively expressing this critical effector function in vivo is limited, because the protein is rapidly secreted. In this study, we describe a simple approach that circumvents the need for ex vivo Ag stimulation and allows the enumeration of CD8+ T cells that are actively synthesizing IFN-γ in vivo during primary and secondary virus infections. The proportion of Ag-specific primary CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ peaks at 5 days postinfection, when the T cell population is still expanding exponentially. In vivo IFN-γ synthesis by memory cells is explosive, peaking at ∼12 h after secondary infection and terminating hours thereafter. This technique will be useful when evaluating in vivo immune cell activity in many situations, including a variety of noninfectious (e.g., autoimmune) diseases.
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“In addition, BrefA or monensin can be administered to mice during an active immune response, with mice euthanized shortly after administration and immediate analysis of cytokine production directly ex vivo [234].”
From Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition) (2021) · cites this paper as [234]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, F., & Whitton, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Scripps Research Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5936-5940
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2132668257
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R-01 AI-27028, R-01 AI-52351)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- CD8+ T cells, interferon-gamma, viral infection, primary infection, secondary infection, memory T cells, T cell expansion, virus-specific T cells, cytokine production
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Immunization, Secondary, Immunologic Memory, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Interferon-gamma, Listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Vaccinia, Vaccinia virus, Cytokines, Mice, Knockout, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Lymphocyte Count, Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte, Brefeldin A, Mice
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