Cited by 8Archaeology and Cultural HeritageArchaeology and Natural HistoryIndigenous Cultures and History

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 21 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

ARQUEOLOGÍA Y MEMORIA DE LOS CAMINANTES DE LA PRECORDILLERA DE CAMARONES, SIERRA DE ARICA

Open access
García B, Magdalena, Ajata L, Rolando·2016·Diálogo andino

Abstract

This article presents a case study about prehispanic and traditional mobility in the South Central Andes, which centers around paths that converge on the foothills of the Camarones Valley. Unlike the prehispanic towns abandoned during the 16th century, this network of roads continued to be used until recent times, being part of active mobility circuits for the communities that currently inhabit these spaces. For many of them, the paths constitute an object of memory and connection to the past that cannot be accomplished through spoken language. Following two of these paths by foot allowed us to document a total of 42 archeological sites that show evidence of occupations dating back to the Late Intermediate period until recent times (centuries X-XX). The paths as well as certain sites were recognized and occupied by the people who participated in our ethnographic work. From this we are able to conclude that until the second half of the 20th century different strategies of transit coexisted, associated with diverse social practices that allowed us to identify travelers, their circuits and their places of origin.

Overview

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TL;DR

This paper synthesizes initial results on pre-Hispanic and traditional mobility in the south-central Andes, using the tropero paths converging in the upper Camarones ravine as a case study. Walking two routes with a local arriero and recording 42 archaeological sites, the authors argue that diverse modes of foot transit coexisted until at least the second half of the 20th century and that paths serve as an archive of memory and territoriality.

Key findings

  • The survey recorded 42 archaeological sites: 13 on the Illapata-Caritaya route and 29 on the Pachica-Guañacagua route.
  • Occupations range at least from the Intermedio Tardío (10th century) to subactual times (post-1973); 33% of sites are multicomponent, 26% indeterminate, 24% monocomponent pre-Hispanic, and 17% monocomponent historic.
  • Site types include 17 habitational sites, 10 majadas, 12 road-related sites (2 apachetas and 10 pininos), 2 paraderos, and 1 petroglyph site.
  • Seven tropero routes converging on the upper Camarones ravine were identified, but only routes 1 (Pachica-Guañacagua) and 7 (Illapata-Caritaya) were walked and systematically studied; the authors conclude that until at least the 1970s, when borders with Bolivia closed, distinct systems and modes of transit and traffic coexisted, relativizing an altiplano-centric view of mobility.

Methods

  • Fieldwork in 2011 combined archaeological survey with ethnographic work: two routes were walked with Manuel Viza of Illapata as guide and arriero, and three open community workshops were held in Illapata and Guañacagua plus a focus group with students from the Liceo de Codpa.
  • Survey design followed Circumpunean road archaeology: trails were georeferenced using “trail points” no more than 500 m apart, and all pre-Hispanic, historic, and subactual sites up to 50 m on each side of the route axis were recorded using a standard form.
  • Sites were mapped with GIS using Google Earth and ArcGIS; workshops projected photographs and videos of the walked routes and used printed maps on which residents added routes and toponyms.

Limitations

  • Stated in the paper: this is an initial research phase with very unequal knowledge of the seven identified routes; only routes 1 and 7 were walked and systematically studied, while the others were mapped totally or partially and documented with varying intensity through ethnographic work.
  • Stated in the paper: the ethnographic memory discussed dates mainly to the second half of the 20th century, so the reconstruction of older transit modalities relies on material remains and later memory.
  • Evident from the text: the archaeological sample is limited to two walked routes and 42 sites, with chronology based largely on relative dating and surface materials; the broader network of seven routes is not systematically surveyed.

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Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4067/s0719-26812016000100023

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

0 of 21 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

Show all 37 claims

  • It may state two separate claims as one. 44
  • Probably not a substantial claim. 17
55 of 55
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Las fronteras entre Chile y Bolivia se cerraron en la década del setenta.

    “hasta por lo menos la década del setenta, cuando se cerraron las fronteras con Bolivia, coexistían distintos sistemas y modalidades de tránsito y tráfico”
  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Los testimonios orales de los pobladores recuerdan de manera fiable las prácticas de movilidad y los circuitos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.

    “Los usos etnográficos asociados a las rutas estudiadas hacen referencia a una memoria que data de la segunda mitad del siglo XX que, entre otros, hace referencia a distintas modalidades de tránsito que coexistían simultáneamente.”
2 of 2

Citations

Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Aldunate, C., V. Castro y V. Varela 2003 Oralidad y arqueología: una línea de trabajo en las tierras altas de la región de Antofagasta. Chungara 35(2): 305-314.
  2. Bouysse-Cassagne, T. y J. Chacama 2012 Partición colonial del territorio, cultos funerarios y memoria ancestral en Carangas y precordillera de Arica (siglos XVI-XVII). Chungara 44(4): 669-689.
  3. Muñoz, I. y L. Briones 1996 Poblados, rutas y arte rupestre precolombinos de Arica: descripción y análisis de sistema de organización. Chungara 28(1-2): 47-84.
  4. Nielsen, A. 2006 Estudios internodales e interacción interregional en los Andes circumpuneños. En Esferas de interacción prehistóricas y fronteras nacionales modernas: los Andes Sur Centrales, editado por H. Lechtman, pp. 29-62. IEP-IAR, Lima.
  5. Niemeyer, H., V. Schiappacasse e I. Solimano 1971 Padrones de poblamiento en la quebrada de Camarones (Prov. Tarapacá) (estudio preliminar del sector medio y superior del valle). Actas del VI Congreso de Arqueología Chilena, pp. 115-137, Santiago.
  6. Núñez, L. y A. Nielsen 2011 Caminante, sí hay camino: reflexiones sobre el tráfico sur andino. En En ruta. Arqueología, historia y etnografía del tráfico surandino, editado por L. Núñez y A. Nielsen, pp. 83-110. Editorial Brujas, Córdoba.
  7. Pimentel, G. 2011 Geoglifos e imaginarios sociales en el desierto de Atacama. En Temporalidad, interacción y dinamismo cultural. La búsqueda del hombre. Homenaje al profesor Lautaro Núñez Atencio, editado por A. Hubert, J. A. González y M. Pereira, pp. 163-200. Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta.
  8. Pimentel, G., C. Rees, P. de Souza y L. Arancibia 2011 Viajeros costeros y caravaneros. Dos estrategias de movilidad en el Período Formativo del Desierto de Atacama, Chile. En En ruta. Arqueología, historia y etnografía del tráfico surandino, editado por L. Núñez y A. Nielsen, pp. 43-81. Editorial Brujas, Córdoba.
  9. Valenzuela, D., C. Santoro y L. Briones 2011 Arte rupestre, tráfico e interacción social: cuatro mo- dalidades en el ámbito exorreico de los Valles Occidentales, norte de Chile (periodos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío, ca. 1000-1535 d.C.). En En ruta. Arqueología, historia y etnografía del tráfico surandino, editado por L. Núñez y A. Nielsen, pp. 199-245. Editorial Brujas, Córdoba.

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Metadata

Authors
García B, M., & Ajata L, R.
Venue
Diálogo andino
Published
2016-03
Issue
49
Pages
235-247
ISSN
  • 0716-2278 (ISSN-L)
  • 0719-2681
OpenAlex
W2392514724
Cited by
8
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.67
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Diálogo andino (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Archaeology and Natural History
  • Social Sciences › Anthropology › Indigenous Cultures and History
Keywords
archaeological site, oral memory, foot travel, Late Intermediate Period

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