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Anxiety Disorders During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the literature on anxiety disorders during pregnancy. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched through October 2013 for original research studies published in English using combinations of the terms pregnancy, prenatal, or pregnancy outcomes; anxiety disorder; and generalized anxiety. Reference lists of included studies were hand-searched and a PubMed search for in-process reports was conducted. Study selection Relevant studies of anxiety disorders during pregnancy as determined by diagnostic interview were included if they reported on prevalence; course, onset, and/or risk factors; maternal, obstetric, or fetal/child outcomes; and/or treatment trial results. Data extraction Two reviewers independently extracted relevant data and assessed methodological quality of each study. Results Fifty-seven reports were included. Reports provided information on panic disorder (25 reports), generalized anxiety disorder (17 reports), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (23 reports), agoraphobia (6 reports), specific phobia (10 reports), social phobia (14 reports), posttraumatic stress disorder (14 reports), and any anxiety disorder (18 reports). Twenty reports provided information on prevalence, 16 on course, 10 on risk factors, and 22 on outcomes. Only 1 treatment study was identified. High anxiety disorder prevalence in pregnancy was found; however, estimates vary considerably, and evidence is inconclusive as to whether prevalence amon…
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“Effective psychological interventions for treating prenatal anxiety are lacking (Goodman et al., 2014).”
From Exposure Therapy Acceptability Among Pregnant Latinas With Anxiety: A Qualitative Content Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Goodman et al., 2014
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Items 101–183 of 183
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Depression, Anxiety, and Pharmacotherapy Around the Time of Pregnancy in Hawaii
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The Relation Between Maternity Blues and Postpartum Anxiety Among Iranian Pregnant Women
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“To this end, various treatments, including medication, muscle relaxation, and cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT), have been used to treat anxiety disorders (Goodman et al., 2014).”
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Substance Use in Women and Pregnancy
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“6 27 – 29 There is additional evidence that the risk of postpartum mental health challenges is exacerbated in parents of children who are critically ill.”
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Faulk, K., & Kameg, B. (2023) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2023.104707 · Cited by 2
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“The rapid and often unpredictable changes in body image during pregnancy and the postpartum period can cause significant emotional distress [9,10].”
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Psychological Health Status and Oral Health Outcomes of Pregnant Women: Practical Implications
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“Goodman et al. (2014b) adapted Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) to treat generalized anxiety disorder during pregnancy, which was also associated with significant reduction in anxiety symptoms.”
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“Previous studies suggested sex differences in the age of OCD onset with increased incidence during puberty, in women of postchildbearing age, and during young adulthood in men (Goodman et al., 2014).”
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“A growing body of scientific data has shown that maternal anxiety disorders during pregnancy are related to negative neonatal outcomes.(3) Similarly, there are study results suggesting a significant relationship between maternal panic disorder and shorter gestational age, lower birthweight, and increased risk ofmajor…”
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The effects of antenatal anxiety assessment by health visitors on outcomes for mothers and babies
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Psychiatric Problems in Pregnancy and Post Partum
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“These changes may amplify the interaction between the gut microbiota and central stress-regulation systems, rendering pregnant individuals more responsive to micro - bial interventions.”
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“The prevalence of anxiety during the antenatal period among women ranges from 4.4% to 39% across different populations [14], with European studies reporting prevalence rates between 0.3% and 10.8% [15], with comorbid anxiety and depression ranging from approximately 3.6% to 40.2% [16].”
InfluentialPanic Disorder in Pregnancy – Socio-demographic Correlates and Comorbidity with Depression
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“Despite high comorbidity between anxiety and depressive disorders and the increased vulnerability during the peri-natal period, the exact prevalence of this comorbidity is not well known [6].”
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“uncertain future of the pandemic, and most importantly, the fear of being infected and endangering the baby they are carrying[9].”
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Anxiety and Depression Among Pregnant Women in Plain and Plateaus Areas: A Cross-sectional StudyPreprint
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“At the same time, it is estimated that the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women ranges from 4 to 39% in different regions(5, 6).”
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Kuhlmann, Z. C. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316662571.052
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Peterson, J. E. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316662571.045
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Antoniewicz, L. W., & Schneider, K. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316662571.039
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Stockdale, C. K., & Martini, S. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316662571.046
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“Die Zeitspanne bis ungefähr ein Jahr nach der Geburt wird als Postpartalzeit bezeichnet [6].”
InfluentialInfluencing Factors of Anxiety Symptoms in the Late Pregnant Women: A Prospective Study
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“According to the existing relevant research, more than 10% of pregnant women have anxiety symptoms [1], and the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in Chinese women is 16.”
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Salameh, T. N. (2017) · ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository (University of Louisville) · doi:10.18297/etd/2775
“Pregnant women with poor mental health are at increased risk for preterm birth (Grigoriadis et al., 2013), postpartum depression (Goodman, Chenausky, & Freeman, 2014; Norhayati, Hazlina, & Asrenee, Emilin, 2015), and diminished quality of life (Goodman et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Goodman, J. H., Chenausky, K. L., & Freeman, M. P.
- Affiliations
- MGH Institute of Health Professions (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2014-10-28
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e1153-e1184
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2037891682
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19
- FWCI
- 35.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, pregnancy, prenatal anxiety, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, prevalence, clinical course, risk factors, maternal outcomes, fetal outcomes, treatment in pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications
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