Cited by 346Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

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Women Are at Greater Risk of OCD Than Men: A Meta-Analytic Review of OCD Prevalence Worldwide

Fawcett, Emily J., Power, Hilary, Fawcett, Jonathan M.·2020·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry

DOI 10.4088/jcp.19r13085

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the worldwide prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), examine whether women are at greater risk than men, and explore other potential moderators of OCD prevalence to explain variability in community-based epidemiologic studies. DATA SOURCES: An electronic search of PsycINFO and PubMed was conducted until January 2017, without date or language restrictions, using the keywords OCD, epidemiology, and prevalence. The search was supplemented by articles referenced in the obtained sources and relevant reviews. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they reported current, period, and/or lifetime OCD prevalence (diagnosed according to an interview based on DSM or ICD criteria) in representative community samples of adults aged 18 years or older. A total of 4,045 studies were retrieved, with 34 studies ultimately included. DATA EXTRACTION: OCD prevalence was extracted from each study alongside 9 moderators: gender, year, response rate, region, economic status, diagnostic criteria, diagnostic interview, interviewer, and age. RESULTS: The overall aggregate current, period, and lifetime OCD prevalence estimates were 1.1%, 0.8%, and 1.3%, respectively. In a typical sample, women were 1.6 times more likely to experience OCD compared to men, with lifetime prevalence rates of 1.5% in women and 1.0% in men. There was also a trend toward younger adults' being more likely to experience OCD in their lifetime than older adults. All findings demonstrated moderate heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Women are typically at greater risk of experiencing OCD in their lifetime than men.

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Influential
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“A 2020 study found the lifetime prevalence in the general population to be 1.0% in men and 1.5% in women [38].”
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“The lifetime prevalence of OCD is estimated to range between 1 and 3%, making it relatively widespread (Fawcett et al., 2020; Macy et al., 2013; Ruscio et al., 2010).”
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“2 However, before puberty, boys are at greater risk of developing OCD, suggesting that hormones are a critical driver of sex differences in age at OCD onset.”
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Additional file 3 of Functional and structural MRI based obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis using machine learning methods
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Additional file 1 of Everyday executive functioning in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: diagnostic specificity, clinical correlations, and outcome
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Additional file 2 of Functional and structural MRI based obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis using machine learning methods
Huang, F.-F., Yang, X.-Y., Luo, J., Yang, X., Meng, F.-Q., Wang, P., & Li, Z.-J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24465329
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) in children and adolescents with eating disorders
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Additional file 1 of Glutamatergic medications as adjunctive therapy for moderate to severe obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Additional file 1 of General somatic health and lifestyle habits in individuals with obsessive- compulsive disorder: an international survey
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“Ratings of study quality were conducted using a 10-point assessment adapted from previous studies for clinical epidemiological research (Agar et al., 2021; Drakes et al., 2021; Fawcett et al., 2019; 2020; Froude et al., 2024; Giannakopoulos et al., 2012; Hoy et al., 2012; Russell et al., 2013).”
Self-citation
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Illness Perception, Emotional Distress, and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptomatology in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Mediation Study
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“Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition, with a lifetime prevalence estimated in adult population about 1.3% Fawcett et al. (2020) and it is characterized by uncontrollable obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors.”
Influential

Authors: Fawcett, E. J., Power, H., & Fawcett, J. M.
Affiliations: Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
University of Regina (CA)
ORCID: Fawcett, Emily J.
Power, Hilary
Fawcett, Jonathan M.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher: Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published: 2020-06-23
Volume: 81
Issue: 4
ISSN: 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
1555-2101
DOI: 10.4088/jcp.19r13085
OpenAlex: W3036538738
Cited by: 344
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 62 · 2025: 77 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 2
FWCI: 13.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder, prevalence, sex differences, gender differences, lifetime prevalence, current prevalence, community-based epidemiology, age differences, diagnostic criteria, response rate
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Female, Humans, Male, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Prevalence

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Women Are at Greater Risk of OCD Than Men: A Meta-Analytic Review of OCD Prevalence Worldwide

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