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Cited by 144Smoking Behavior and CessationSchizophrenia research and treatmentSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

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The Association Between High Nicotine Dependence and Severe Mental Illness May Be Consistent Across Countries

de Leon, Jose, Becona, Elisardo, Gurpegui, Manuel, Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana, Diaz, Francisco J.·2002·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
DOI 10.4088/jcp.v63n0911
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies all over the world suggest that severe mental illness, including schizophrenia and mood disorders, is associated with tobacco smoking. This study, combining samples from the United States and Spain, had 3 objectives: (1) to test the hypothesis that severely mentally ill patients who smoke are more likely to have a high nicotine dependence when compared with control smokers, (2) to compare frequencies of high nicotine dependence in controls in both countries, and (3) to compare frequencies of high nicotine dependence in severely mentally ill patients in both countries. METHOD: Scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) for 4 samples of current daily smokers were analyzed. The sample sizes of the U.S. and Spanish control groups were 129 and 646 subjects, respectively. The diagnoses for the U.S. patients were DSM-IV schizophrenia, 74% (89/120), and DSM-IV mood disorders, 26% (31/120). The diagnoses for the Spanish patients were DSM-IV schizophrenia, 87% (173/199), and DSM-III-R mood disorders, 13% (26/199). High nicotine dependence (FTND score > or = 6) was the dependent variable in 5 logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The main findings were that (1) severely mentally ill patients had significantly higher frequencies of high nicotine dependence than controls (odds ratio [OR] = 10.59, 95% CI = 7.31 to 15.34) even after controlling for gender, country, interaction between country and mental illness, and age; (2) U.S. controls had significantly higher frequencies of high nicotine dependence than Spanish controls (OR = 3.18, 95% CI = 2.02 to 5.00); and (3) U.S. and Spanish patients did not have significantly different frequencies of high nicotine dependence. CONCLUSION: New studies, specially designed to test for transcultural differences in nicotine dependence, are needed to verify that nicotine dependence in severely mentally ill patients is consistently high and similar in different countries.

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Metadata

Authors
de Leon, J., Becona, E., Gurpegui, M., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., & Diaz, F. J.
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher
Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published
2002-09-15
Volume
63
Issue
9
Pages
812-816
ISSN
0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4088/jcp.v63n0911
OpenAlex
W1974462417
Cited by
144
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
nicotine dependence, severe mental illness, schizophrenia, mood disorders, smoking, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, cross-cultural comparison, United States, Spain
MeSH terms
Mental Disorders, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Smoking, Spain, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Mood Disorders

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