CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 156Bone health and osteoporosis researchSchizophrenia research and treatmentBone Metabolism and Diseases

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Effects of Psychiatric Disorders and Psychotropic Medications on Prolactin and Bone Metabolism

Misra, Madhusmita, Papakostas, George I., Klibanski, Anne·2004·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
DOI 10.4088/jcp.v65n1205
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis occurs in common psychiatric conditions and causes significant morbidity. Many neuroleptic medications can cause hyperprolactinemia, which can then potentially be associated with bone loss. Few reviews have thus far addressed this issue. We have consolidated information from studies that examined effects of psychiatric conditions and their treatment on bone metabolism. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed for original articles and reviews published between 1976 and 2004 that described changes in bone metabolism in psychiatric disorders and examined prolactin elevations with neuroleptic medications. Keywords used were major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, bone density, bone metabolism, hyperprolactinemia, typical antipsychotics, and atypical antipsychotics. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: 160 articles published in peer-reviewed journals were identified and are summarized, with greater emphasis given to data from larger, controlled studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: Schizophrenia and major mood disorders are often associated with perturbations in bone metabolism related to factors including nutritional alterations, smoking, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, with or without medication-induced hyperprolactinemia. Polydipsia can contribute to bone loss in schizophrenia, whereas hypercortisolemia is often associated with low bone density in depression. Lithium in bipolar disorder and thyroid-stimulating hormone-suppressive doses of L-thyroxine have a negative impact on bone health. Mood stabilizers such as carbamazepine and valproate can also affect bone density. Hyperprolactinemia may lead to bone loss only if associated with untreated amenorrhea in women or testosterone deficiency in men. Some atypical neuroleptics, by causing lesser elevations in prolactin, may therefore have a less marked impact on bone than typical neuroleptics. CONCLUSIONS: Because significant morbidity is associated with low bone density and many psychiatric conditions may have a negative impact on bone metabolism, bone density evaluation should be considered an integral component of chronic medical care of these disorders, and risk factors should be identified and addressed.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4088/jcp.v65n1205

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–156 of 156

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Misra, M., Papakostas, G. I., & Klibanski, A.
Affiliations
Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
Publisher
Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
Published
2004-12-15
Volume
65
Issue
12
Pages
1607-1618
ISSN
0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4088/jcp.v65n1205
OpenAlex
W2038772075
Cited by
156
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
FWCI
7.42
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK062249, DK 062249)
  • National Center for Research Resources (K23RR018851)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
Keywords
hyperprolactinemia, bone metabolism, osteoporosis, bone mineral density, mental illness, antipsychotic drugs, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, lithium, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypercortisolism, polydipsia, atypical antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, valproic acid, carbamazepine, levothyroxine, amenorrhea, androgen deficiency
MeSH terms
Adult, Anticonvulsants, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Bone and Bones, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Hyperprolactinemia, Hypogonadism, Lithium, Male, Osteoporosis, Prolactin, Psychotic Disorders, Psychotropic Drugs, Schizophrenia, Bone Density, Comorbidity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review