Impact of Sleep-Related Complaints on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome
Abstract
Objective Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a distressing sensorimotor disorder with a 5% to 10% prevalence in the United States and Western Europe. The nocturnal occurrence of symptoms often leads to severe sleep disturbances. RLS has been reported to be associated with depression and anxiety. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between RLS symptom severity, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms. Method Questionnaire data from 100 consecutive patients with idiopathic RLS who had been investigated in our Sleep Disorders Unit from April 1999 to December 2004 were evaluated. Patients were untreated regarding RLS, depression, or sleep disturbances. Severity of RLS was assessed with the International RLS Study Group rating scale (IRLS). Depressive symptoms and subjective sleep quality were determined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Results IRLS scores indicated moderate-to-severe RLS symptoms in the population studied (mean +/- SD IRLS score = 23.6 +/- 6.7). The mean +/- SD BDI score was 9.3 +/- 5.6, with highest values on the "reduced sleep," "loss of energy," and "work difficulties" items, indicating predominating somatic symptoms of depression. Fourteen patients had a BDI score of 15 to 20 ("mild depression"), and 3 patients had a BDI score of 20 to 30 ("mild to moderate depression"). Overall, patients estimated their sleep quality as moderately impaired (mean +/- SD PSQI sc…
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RLS is associated with a high incidence of psychosocial impairment, reduced quality of life, and increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders.
“recent studies have shown a high incidence of psychosocial impairment, 5-7 a reduced quality of life, 1 and an increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders associated with RLS. 8”
From Cognitive behavioural group therapy to improve patients' strategies for coping with restless legs syndrome: A proof-of-concept trial (2008) · cites this paper as [6]
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Effects of the Severity and Depression on the Quality of Sleep of Restless Legs Syndrome Patients
Han, E.-K. (2017) · doi:10.5392/jkca.2017.17.05.200 · Cited by 1
“하지불안증후군 환자에서 수면의 질은 정상 대조군 보다 수면의 질이 나쁘게 나타났다[9].”
InfluentialRestless Legs Syndrome in Adolescents with Functional Abdominal Pain
Sezer, T., & Balcı, O. (2016) · doi:10.21765/pprjournal.219194
“100 HBS’li hastada yaptıkları çalışmada uyku bozuklukları ve buna eşlik eden depresyonunun sağlıklı kontrollere göre daha sık olduğunu saptamışlardır (10).”
Restless legs syndrome: the most prevalent “unknown” disorder
Lindner, A. V., Novák, M., & Molnar, M. Z. (2011) · Orvosi Hetilap · doi:10.1556/oh.2011.29035 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychogenic movement disorder mimicking RLS: A case report
Lanz, M., Steinig, J., Haack, H., & Happe, S. (2009) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22606
Scholz, H., & Hornyak, M. (2009) · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1223306
“Eigene Untersuchungen belegen eine Assoziation zwischen depressiver Symptomatik bei RLS und den RLS-assoziierten Schlafstörungen sowie deren Folgen (Hornyak et al. 2005).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSLEEP DISORDERS AS PREDICTORS OF AFFECTIVE AND SOMATIC SYMPTOMS OF MILD DEPRESSION
Ejiofor, U. C., Okwara-Kalu, Eberechukwu, C., Uchechukwu, O.-A. A., & Benedict, U. N. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Education Humanities and Commerce · doi:10.37602/ijrehc.2025.6102
Mood, behavior, and sleepiness of sleep-related movement disorders
Becker, P. (2021) · Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-378610-4.00395-8
Mahmoudi, M., & Kothare, S. V. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41742-4_3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders in Geriatric Patients
Becker, K. A., Poon, C., & Martin, J. L. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-1703-7.10059-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
El sueño en los trastornos psiquiátricos
Franzen, P. L., & Buysse, D. J. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-733-7.00032-2
Assessment of Restless Legs Syndrome Features With Standardized Methods
Beneš, H., & Kohnen, R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-075067518-5.10020-5
- Authors
- Hornyak, M., Kopasz, M., Berger, M., Riemann, D., & Voderholzer, U.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2005-09-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 09
- Pages
- 1139-1145
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063994066
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Restless Legs Syndrome Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- restless legs syndrome, depressive symptoms, sleep disorders, sleep quality, somatic symptoms of depression, RLS severity, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
- MeSH terms
- Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Restless Legs Syndrome, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Wake Disorders, Comorbidity, Incidence, Prevalence, Sickness Impact Profile
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