The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 1 of the 84 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Astonishment and joy: Luke 1 as told from the perspective of Elizabeth
Open accessAbstract
This article, a dramatic, scholarly monologue, examines the events that Luke 1 recounts, retelling them from the viewpoint of Elizabeth, the elderly wife of Zechariah, a priest. It uses a literary method and presents the monologue as an eyewitness account.1 Luke 1 frames its central events from a female and gynocentric perspective.2 As a participant in the infancy narrative in Luke 1, Elizabeth should figure predominantly in scholarly articles and sermons. Surprisingly, she does not. Instead, scholarly, lectionary and congregational attention focuses primarily on Zechariah and Mary, two of the other speaking characters. Consequently, this article seeks to showcase, honour, and analyse Elizabeth, an overlooked yet pivotal character in Luke’s gospel. Via a dramatic monologue, it lets her speak about the astonishing recent events in her life and thereby invites readers and hearers to share her joy, surely a singular theme in Luke’s gospel.Hierdie artikel, ‘n wetenskaplike monoloog in dramavorm, ondersoek die gebeure volgens Lukas 1. Dit word hervertel vanuit die perspektief van Elisabet, die bejaarde vrou van die priester Sagaria. ’n Literêre metode word gebruik en die monoloog word as ’n ooggetuieverslag aangebied. Lukas 1 se hoofgebeure word vanuit ‘n vroulike perspektief asook dié van ongebore babas (‘gynocentric’) gekontekstualiseer. As inherent deel van die jeugvertelling van Lukas 1 behoort Elisabet oorwegend in wetenskaplike artikels en preke te figureer. Dit is verrassend dat dit nie gebeur nie. In wetenskaplike leesstukke en tydens gemeentelike byeenkomste word hoofsaaklik op Sagaria en Maria, die ander twee hoofkarakters, gefokus. Elisabet is ’n miskende sleutelkarakter in die Evangelie van Lukas en daarom poog hierdie artikel om Elisabet uit te lig, eervol te erken en te analiseer. Deur dramatiese monoloog kry Elisabet die geleentheid om oor die verstommende gebeure van haar onlangse lewe te praat. Sy nooi hiermee die lesers en toehoorders uit om in haar vreugde te deel – sekerlik ’n buitengewone tema in die Lukasevangelie.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This article is a creative religious drama: a first-person dramatic monologue retelling Luke 1 from the perspective of Elizabeth, framed by an Announcer and six readers who first read the chapter from the NIV. It argues that Elizabeth is a central, dynamic character in Luke 1 whose contribution has been neglected, and it uses imaginative elaboration in the tradition of Midrash to bring her to life.
Key findings
- The paper claims Luke 1 gives "textual importance to women" and that Elizabeth and Mary are "the principal persons in Luke 1"; it cites Bauckham's (2002:47) description of Luke 1:5–80 as "a gynocentric text" and Martin's (1982:395) note of the "almost universal neglect of these feminine symbols by Protestant male interpreters."
- The author states an impetus for the work: "I have never heard a sermon on her life," and aims "to honour her contribution to the biblical text."
- The monologue presents Elizabeth as a dynamic character who "grows and changes," and Zechariah as a "round character" who changes from his encounter with Gabriel to his prophetic song.
- The drama asserts Elizabeth's priority in recognition: "Mary, of course, was the first to know that Jesus... is the Son of God. But I, Elizabeth, I and the baby son within me were the second to recognise that the Son of God is in the womb of Mary."
Methods
- Design: a creative religious drama in the form of a first-person monologue, preceded by a staged reading of Luke 1 (NIV) by an Announcer and six other readers; the author notes this is her third published drama.
- Sources: the monologue is annotated with 54 references to biblical commentaries and scholarship (e.g., Fitzmyer, Nolland, Green, Bock, Morris, Barclay, Brown, Bauckham), and the author describes the work as "fun, but academic in the sense of solid research."
- Imaginative elaboration: the author explicitly inserts non-biblical material (e.g., Zechariah's gift of a shawl) and justifies it as following "the Jewish tradition of Midrash," which she defines as "creative exegesis."
Limitations
- Stated: the author acknowledges the shawl is not in Luke — "Luke does not mention that Zechariah gives Elizabeth a shawl. I inserted it for several reasons" — and notes the drama "does not agree with the view that Mary retained her virginity after her marriage to Joseph."
- Stated: the author concedes that "Luke does not say why Elizabeth decided to seclude herself," and that Green (1997:81) calls her five months of seclusion "a mystery"; the author offers her own reading (reinforcing the prophetic word to Mary) as an interpretation.
- Evident from the text: this is an interpretive/devotional drama rather than an empirical study — there is no sample, data collection, or analysis, and no audience or reception evidence is reported beyond the author's remark that "both men and women have wept during the many times I have presented it."
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
63 Sources not found · 19 Own interpretation · 14 No full text of the sources · 3 No basis given · 1 Supported · 1 Not checked yet
In the paper
“Significantly, Zechariah does not believe Gabriel, God's representative, that a restorative miracle could happen to him and to his wife Elizabeth in their old age (Branch 2009:35, 37).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Branch 2009:35, 37
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Consequently, matters of inheritance, death, adultery and divorce were handled according to the law.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Holy Apostles Convent 1989:69
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Epstein 1939 m.Ketub.1:2, 4:2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hagner 1993:17
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Joseph is not the father of the child she carries.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 2004:10
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 52
- Probably not a substantial claim. 91
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Elizabeth's action is part of a similar tradition in scripture: Jonathan knows David will be king (1 Sam 20) and Barnabas lets Paul take the lead midway through the first missionary journey (Ac 13) (Branch 2007:313-319).”
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Branch 2007:313-319 source
Section 2 says Barnabas was initially designated leader of the first missionary journey and that Saul/Paul became more prominent during Acts 13. The paper also says Barnabas championed Paul as Paul gradually emerged as the primary advocate. This supports the cited Barnabas example; the sentence’s comparison with Elizabeth and Jonathan is the citing author’s framing. (LLM, conf=0.87)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Supported
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At times the prophetic word is like ripples in a pond and can apply again and again.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Mary realises that 'she would bear a child without the intervention of a man, perhaps even that conception would be immediate' (Morris 1988:81).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Morris 1988:81
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Zechariah and Elizabeth both realise that their son's role was not the main one in the drama.Granted, he was to be honoured as 'the prophet of the Most High,' but he was not the 'Son of the Most High' (Lk 1:76, 32; Dean 1983:25).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dean 1983:25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Her pregnancy puts her in great danger, for according to our law, she could be stoned, strangled, or burned to death.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Swanson 2007:102, 105
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The Talmudic penalties for pregnancies outside marriage were in force in Mary's time.
- Rests on an assumption: Mary or Mariam had priestly blood because Elizabeth is a daughter of Aaron.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“The betrothal meant that the couple was treated as married.However, there had not been a consummation.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Holy Apostles Convent 1989:69
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Epstein 1939 m.Ketub.1:2, 4:2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hagner 1993:17
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Elizabeth's miraculous pregnancy was a sign to Mary and serves as a sign to all subsequent believers that Mary's pregnancy, impossible as it seems, is not impossible (Lk 1:36-37; Fitzmyer 1981:321).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fitzmyer 1981:321
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, I see her loudness and words as the energising and power of the Holy Spirit.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: The Holy Spirit can inspire prophetic speech and fill a person.
In the paper
“Zechariah's prophetic words emphasise restoration.Barclay (1956:13-14) rightly emphasises the key aspect of forgiveness.It does entail looking again at the penalty.More importantly, it aims to restore a relationship (Branch's italics).Significantly, this restoration begins at the instigation of the one wronged: God.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barclay 1956:13-14
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Her hymn emphasises God's present movements.God is acting now and has pledged himself to act forever on Israel's behalf (see Kuist 1948:291 and Lk 1:46-55).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kuist 1948:291 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Luke 1:34, one may see that Mary knows that she cannot have intercourse until Joseph takes her home and normal sexual relations as husband and wife begin.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
In the paper
“Elizabeth and Zechariah's son John will proclaim God's salvation and Mary's baby will be the salvation (Bock 1994:5).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bock 1994:5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Barrenness is the essential social fact about Elizabeth and her great, ongoing disgrace (Bauckham 2002:72).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bauckham 2002:72
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Mary, of course, was the first to know that Jesus, the son she carries, is the Son of God.But I, Elizabeth, I and the baby son within me were the second to recognise that the Son of God is in the womb of Mary.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Holy Apostles Convent 1989:123
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Luke and Matthew report that 'Jesus did not have a father in the ordinary way, and that this was because Mary had been given special grace to be the mother of God's incarnate self'”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 2004:10
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, Zechariah also listened in prayer and in doing his duty.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mary is widely considered the first and model disciple because of her obedience (Wansbrough 2007:27).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wansbrough 2007:27
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“However, I believe Kershner (2007:20) is more accurate by saying that Mary came immediately to her cousin Elizabeth's house 'because she did not know where else to go'.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kershner 2007:20
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Zechariah became mute, arguably as did Daniel (Dan 10:15-17; see Brown 1988a:487).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brown 1988a:487
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“John's conception involves a miracle because of the ages of Zechariah and Elizabeth.However, it is the result of human intercourse.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
In the paper
“John will be like the servant in Isaiah 49:5 -and a servant with a daunting task: that of restoring Israel to God (Nolland 1989:35-36).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:35-36
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Tractate Kethuboth 44b-45a says that, if a girl plays the harlot in her father's house, she is to be stoned at the entrance of her father's house.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Swanson 2007:102, 105
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The miracle of Zechariah's sudden speech attests to the specialness of the child.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The monologue and Luke 1 emphasise the prominence of the upcoming Davidic king and acknowledge the importance of 'his prophetic precursor, John' (Nolland 1989:24).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:24
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The greatness of this Son is unequalled: his greatness will excel everything.In Greek, the phrase is 'Son of the Highest'.It contains no articles, a grammar technique that indicates 'the absolute uniqueness and highness of His divine Sonship' (Geldenhuys 1979:76).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Geldenhuys 1979:76
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In terms of textual structure, Mary's virginity parallels Elizabeth's barrenness: neither is an obstacle to God in terms of a promised child (see Nolland 1989:49).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:49
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, Elizabeth acknowledges that her words are not from herself but from the Holy Spirit.Therefore, she believes Mary because of what the Holy Spirit did in and through her: Mary's words and rendition of her story simply fill in the details.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: The Holy Spirit can inspire prophetic speech and fill a person.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mary realised, through her acceptance, that she was chosen for a great task.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
In the paper
“Her 'No!' is emphatic (Morris 1988:86).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Morris 1988:86
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Bauckham (ibid:51), writing about the interaction of Mary and Elizabeth, says that it 'is undoubtedly as the mothers of their unborn sons that they are of central importance in Luke's narrative, but it is from their female perspectives that we view the central events of the narrative' (Bauckham's italics).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bauckham 2002:51
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Significantly, there is a lack of rivalry -on issues like status, beauty, ambition and age -between them.Instead, the women are mutually supportive and share the commonality of faith.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brenner 1986:270 source
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The concept of theotokos (literally God-bearer) is not to give glory to the mother but to verify that the life of Jesus -from the very beginning -was God's action.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
In the paper
“He, like Elizabeth, filled with the Spirit, becomes 'the mouthpiece of God' (Fitzmyer 1981:382).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fitzmyer 1981:382
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“One of the most beautiful aspects of the infancy narratives is that God deals on micro and macro levels.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 2004:8
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Elizabeth willingly takes the second place.She acknowledges that her young kinswoman has received from the Lord more honour than she has (Geldenhuys 1979:83).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Geldenhuys 1979:83
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Zechariah's prophetic song breaks neatly into two parts.Verses 68-75 offer praise to the God of Israel.Verses 76-79 give a broad job description for his son, John (Branch 2009:33).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Branch 2009:33
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The horn of salvation (Lk 1:69) expresses joy and might, strength as well as power.All are attributes of the God of Israel.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fitzmyer 1981:383
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Themes common in an account of a super-hero's birth, Brenner (1986:269) continues, are the barrenness of one mother and the unmarried social status of the other.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brenner 1986:269 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zechariah is a round character, because he changes from the time of his encounter with Gabriel to the time of his prophetic song.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Brenner (ibid:270) points out that the goodwill of the mothers, Mary and Elizabeth, sets the tone for the relationship between their sons by eliminating the possibility of power struggles between them in the future and promoting, instead, good will.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brenner 1986:270 source
plaindirectn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
In the paper
“In an earlier exegesis of Zechariah's encounter with Gabriel, I wrote that 'Zechariah's prophecy exudes joy.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Branch 2009:35
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The conception of Jesus in Mary is a 'divine creative action without human intercourse' (Brown 1988b:252).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brown 1988b:252
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Mary accepts the miraculous blending of the divine and the human (Dean 1983:23).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dean 1983:23
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This is amazing, because Luke introduces Zechariah as something of an old grump' (Branch 2009:35).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Branch 2009:35
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The name John is a shortened version of Jehohanan and means God is gracious (Barclay 1956:12).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barclay 1956:12
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Silence descends immediately upon Zechariah.He is unable to pronounce the priestly blessing as Elizabeth soon recounts (Nolland 1989:33).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:33
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The biblical text indicates that the suffering of this couple, Zechariah and Elizabeth, leads to a miracle that glorifies God.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ryken 2009:18
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Bauckham (2002:47) calls Luke 1:5-80 'a gynocentric text'.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bauckham 2002:47
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'Blessed is she who has believed' gives the essence of a proper response to God: trust that what God says is true and live joyfully in light of that truth (see Bock 1994:44).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bock 1994:44
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Barclay (1956:11) recounts that, in Palestine at the time, musicians and friends gathered at a house for a birth.If the child was a boy, great celebration followed.If it was a girl, the musicians went away silently and in sorrow.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barclay 1956:11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Luke does not mention that Zechariah gives Elizabeth a shawl.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Mary is blessed and unique because of her faith and the child she carries (see Bock 1994:43-44).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bock 1994:43-44
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Luke 1 gives textual importance to women.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Martin 1982:395 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Like the first chapter of 1 Samuel, Luke 1 contains the perspective of women.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, I see Elizabeth's voluntary seclusion as reinforcing the prophetic word to Mary about Mary's own pregnancy.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Although the chapter begins and ends with Zechariah, he is mute because of a loss of speech in its middle portions.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“The infancy narrative in Luke sets the stage for everything else that follows in the gospel (Murphy 2005:197).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Murphy 2005:197
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“However, she expresses joy that the disgrace of her barrenness is being removed (Bock 1994:38).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bock 1994:38
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Barclay (1956:5) notes that God's voice comes to those who listen for it, as did Zechariah.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barclay 1956:5
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Doriani, Ryken and Phillips (2008:69) are incorrect when they write that John was the first to recognise Jesus as the Christ.Furthermore, they ignore the contributions of Elizabeth entirely.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Doriani, Ryken and Phillips 2008:69
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“If witnesses testify she has played the harlot in his house, she is to be stoned at the entrance of the gate of the city.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Swanson 2007:102, 105
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Here, designating an agent of God's salvific power in David's line, it becomes 'in a loose sense a messianic title' (Fitzmyer 1981:383; See Lk 1:67-79).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fitzmyer 1981:383
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'So in Elizabeth's house, there was double joy,' Barclay (1956:11) says, because their neighbour had a child at last and that child was a son!”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barclay 1956:11
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Only divorce could dissolve the betrothal, as with a marriage”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Holy Apostles Convent 1989:69
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Epstein 1939 m.Ketub.1:2, 4:2
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hagner 1993:17
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Luke tells the story of two miraculous births: 'Zechariah and Elizabeth, in their old age and despite their barrenness, conceive a child in a natural way.Jesus will be born of a virgin' (Card 2011:38).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Card 2011:38
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, Bauckham, in his chapter on Elizabeth and Mary , gives scant analysis to Elizabeth and concentrates solely on Mary.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Theologytechnically the study of God -expands with the stories in Luke 1.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Steuernagel 2003:103 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Zechariah is facing a crisis.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mary is the only one, besides Zechariah, to know of Elizabeth's pregnancy and Elizabeth is the only one, besides her foetal son and Zechariah, to know of Mary's pregnancy.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The encounters in Luke 1 smack of realism and theological insights.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Significantly, Gabriel came with an announcement of what God was going to do.It was not a command (Geldenhuys 1979:77).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Geldenhuys 1979:77
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The Talmudic Tractate Sanhedrin 9:1 states that if the daughter of a priest plays the harlot, she deserves the capital punishment of burning.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Swanson 2007:102, 105
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The events leading up to John's circumcision and what took place at the circumcision show that God is moving again amongst his people and in Israel's history (see Fitzmyer 1981:309).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fitzmyer 1981:309
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“O'Day (1985:207) points out that Mary's mention of low estate does not really mean Mary's humility but Mary's poverty.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites O'Day 1985:207
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Elizabeth speaks as a prophet (Dean 1983:23).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dean 1983:23
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: The Holy Spirit can inspire prophetic speech and fill a person.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This gives his wife, Elizabeth, a chance to occupy centre stage (Martin 1982:394).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Martin 1982:394 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Morris (1988:78) observes that Gideon and Hezekiah (Jud 6:36-39 and 2 Kgs 20:8) also asked for a sign -but Zechariah's tone and spirit were different.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Morris 1988:78
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The theme of God's faithful love runs through both Mary's song and Zechariah's (Wansbrough 2007:25).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wansbrough 2007:25
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Ryken (2009:34) writes that 'Mary did not ask this question in unbelief.Here Luke is drawing a contrast between Zechariah's doubt and Mary's faith'.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ryken 2009:34
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“By her consent, 'Mary is here a pattern for the Christian faith but also much more: she responds to a call that is unique in human history' (Nolland 1989:59).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:59
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“As a pregnant older woman, Elizabeth is a sign for Mary of faith and miracles.God's work in Elizabeth's life shows that God is at work in Mary's life too (see Martin 1982:397).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Martin 1982:397 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
In the paper
“Consider this logic: because God saved Zechariah from his unbelief, he surely can save Israel from her enemies (see Branch 2009:37).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Branch 2009:37
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Notice that Mary was not looking for God, but the angel Gabriel was sent to her.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
In the paper
“Likewise, Elizabeth is a model of how to react.Believing and joyful, she is an 'amazed saint' (Bock 1994:43).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bock 1994:43
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mary becomes the first model disciple in the new order.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“If Mary or Mariam has priestly blood, as may be the case, because Elizabeth is a daughter of Aaron, then she could be burned.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Swanson 2007:102, 105
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Mary or Mariam had priestly blood because Elizabeth is a daughter of Aaron.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Luke 1 shows her as calm, obedient, full of worship, courageous, willing to take God at his word, willing to experience the unknown and willing to believe past her natural understanding.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mary's response echoes the readiness of Abigail (1 Sam 25:41), Sarah (Gen 21:1) and Hannah (1 Sam 1:11) -see Nolland 1989:57.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:57
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Scholars, amongst them William Barclay (1956:8), note the prevalence of joy in Luke 1.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Barclay 1956:8
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The meeting of the four -the two mothers and their two sons -produces 'a new tradition of a super-hero's birth' (Brenner 1986:269).”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Brenner 1986:269 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
In the paper
“Nolland (1989:33) surely understates the enormity of Zechariah's statement when he writes about 'the impropriety of Zechariah's question'.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Nolland 1989:33
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Mary links what is happening to her with the history of God's workings with Israel when she sings, 'the Mighty One has done great things for me' (O'Day 1985:208).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites O'Day 1985:208
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Acting on the hint that Gabriel gave, Mary comes to her kinswoman, Elizabeth.It was natural to want to be around someone who also was experiencing a miracle (Geldenhuys 1979:82).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Geldenhuys 1979:82
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Rests on an assumption: Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Mary's song resembles that of Hannah (1 Sam 2:1-100).Mary, Hannah and Elizabeth are all women, mothers-to-be, whom God uses in his ongoing actions of salvation.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites 1 Sam 2:1-100
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At times the prophetic word is deliberately vague and ambiguous; the word man can include woman as well.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mary's statement shows that she shows faith immediately in three ways: she believes the angel's words, willingly lets God use her, and hurries to visit another, Elizabeth, whom God is also using amazingly (see Bock 1994:44 and Luke 1:38).”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bock 1994:44
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
- Not matched
In the paper
“God honours an honourable, obedient and faithful couple by granting them their hearts' desire: a son named John.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wright 2004:8
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Elizabeth and Mary are the principal persons in Luke 1.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: Like the first chapter of 1 Samuel, Luke 1 contains the perspective of women.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The pronouns she and her obviously applied to Mary.I thought later that they could apply to me as well.”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Like the first chapter of 1 Samuel, Luke 1 contains the perspective of women.
“Like the first chapter of 1 Samuel, Luke 1 contains the perspective of women.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The biblical narrative in Luke 1 is historically reliable and accurately reports the events and speeches it describes.
“Luke 1:39-40 addresses Mary's visit this way: 'At that time Mary got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea where she greeted Elizabeth.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
Miracles, including conception in old age and virgin birth, are possible.
“Truly, my pregnancy is a miracle, an answer to the prayers of Zechariah in the Temple and our prayers throughout our marriage.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Holy Spirit can inspire prophetic speech and fill a person.
“Then I felt something entirely new: the Lord came upon me; I was filled with the Holy Spirit.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Talmudic penalties for pregnancies outside marriage were in force in Mary's time.
“Granted, we do not know if these penalties were in force in Mary/Mariam's time.However, they are sobering.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mary or Mariam had priestly blood because Elizabeth is a daughter of Aaron.
“If Mary or Mariam has priestly blood, as may be the case, because Elizabeth is a daughter of Aaron, then she could be burned.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Setting and preliminary instructions
“The second was 'He is Risen!A Play Based on Acts 1:1-12' (Branch 2012:229-258).”
§ References
“9. Branch, R.G., 2010, 'He is Risen! A Play Based on Acts 1:1-12', In die Skriflig 4(1), 229-258.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Setting and preliminary instructions
“We will first read the chapter as it is rendered in the NIV, the New International Version.”
§ Setting and preliminary instructions
“The Announcer begins with Luke 1:1-5. The other six follow with these passages: Luke 1:5-25; 26-38; 39-45; 46-46; 57-66; and 67-80.”
Citations
Cites
Green, J. B. (1995) · Cited by 210
The Illegitimacy of Jesus: A Feminist Theological Interpretation of the Infancy Narratives
Schaberg, J. D. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 95
The Gospel According to Luke I-IX
Fitzmyer, J. A. (1970) · Cited by 86
Marx, S. (2000) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198184409.001.0001 · Cited by 82
Gospel women: studies of the named women in the gospels
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-2728 · Cited by 78
Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels
Bailey, K. E. (2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 70
Female Social Behaviour: Two Descriptive Patterns Within the "Birth of the Hero" Paradigm
Brenner, A. (1986) · Vetus Testamentum · doi:10.1163/156853386x00320 · Cited by 56
Literature: Approaches to fiction, poetry and drama
DiYanni, R. (2004) · McGraw-Hill eBooks · Cited by 49
Beyond the worship wars: building vital and faithful worship
Jacobsen, D. S. (2005) · Consensus · doi:10.51644/kwwf1376 · Cited by 44
Joining children on the spiritual journey: nurturing a life of faith
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-0277 · Cited by 42
Drane, J. W. (1986) · Cited by 39
Doing theology with an eye on Mary
Steuernagel, V. (2003) · Tidsskrift for Teologi og Kirke · doi:10.18261/issn1504-2952-2003-03-02 · Cited by 15
Barnabas: Early Church leader and model of encouragement
Branch, R. G. (2007) · In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi · doi:10.4102/ids.v41i2.307 · Cited by 12
Self-citation안덕원 (2004) · 성결교회와 신학 · Cited by 11
Barclay, W. (1953) · Cited by 10
Narrative Logic in the Annunciation to Mary (Luke 1:26-38)
Landry, D. T. (1995) · Journal of Biblical Literature · doi:10.2307/3266590 · Cited by 10
The annunciation of birth and the birth of the Messiah
Conrad, E. W. (1985) · The Catholic Biblical Quarterly · Cited by 8
Religious drama: ends and means
Ehrensperger, H. A. (1962) · Cited by 6
TEACHING THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOK OF PROVERBS VIA A PLAY
Branch, R. G. (2005) · Christian Higher Education · doi:10.1080/15363750590898786 · Cited by 3
Self-citationBook Review: An Exposition of Luke 1:26–38
SMITH, D. M. (1975) · Interpretation A Journal of Bible and Theology · doi:10.1177/002096437502900406 · Cited by 2
He is risen! A play based on Acts 1:1-12
Branch, R. G. (2010) · In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi · doi:10.4102/ids.v44i1.145 · Cited by 2
Self-citationMartin, J. P. (1982) · Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology · doi:10.1177/002096438203600408 · Cited by 1
(2007) · Currents in theology and mission · Cited by 1
Sources of Power in the Nativity Hymns: An Exposition of Luke 1 and 2
Kuist, H. T. (1948) · Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology · doi:10.1177/002096434800200302 · Cited by 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gender balance: A new lens for reading and studying the Bible, Part 1
Branch, R. G. (2024) · In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi · doi:10.4102/ids.v58i1.2978 · Cited by 1
Self-citationGender balance: A new lens for reading and studying the Bible, Part 2
Branch, R. G. (2024) · In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi · doi:10.4102/ids.v58i1.2979 · Cited by 1
Self-citationFunny Bone finds a home: A musical featuring the Body of Christ
Branch, R. G. (2013) · In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi · doi:10.4102/ids.v47i1.113
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Branch, R. G.
- Affiliations
- North-West University (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Branch, Robin G.
- ORCID
- Branch, Robin G.
- Venue
- In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi
- Publisher
- AOSIS
- Published
- 2013-11-29
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1018-6441 (ISSN-L)
- 2305-0853
- OpenAlex
- W2125751841
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Narrative Theory and Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Contemporary Christian Leadership and Education
- Keywords
- Elizabeth, Zechariah, Luke 1, infancy narratives, dramatic monologue, women's perspectives, joy, astonishment, Gospel of Luke, eyewitness accounts, Mary, John the Baptist
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-01, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-01 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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