Feasibility and efficacy of yoga as an add-on intervention in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: An exploratory study
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CONTEXT: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders. Stimulant medication is frequently used in management, with significant adverse effects. There is a growing interest in complementary treatments like yoga. AIMS: To study the effects of yoga as a complementary therapy in children with moderate to severe ADHD. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was performed on children (consent was taken from parents) admitted in a child psychiatry unit using an open-label exploratory study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children between 5 and 16 years of age diagnosed with ADHD and co-operative for yoga were included. Subjects with other serious psychiatric and medical illnesses were excluded. The participants were given yoga training daily during their in-patient stay. They were rated on Conners' abbreviated rating scale - (CARS), ADHD-rating scale-IV (ADHD - RS IV) and clinical global impression (CGI)-Severity, at the beginning of study, at discharge and subsequently at the end of 1(st), 2(nd) and 3(rd) month by a research associate not involved in yoga instruction. Paired t-test was employed to compare the means of scores between baseline and follow-ups. RESULTS: A total of 9 children (8 males, 1 female) were recruited into the study. All, but one were on medications. An average of 8 yoga training sessions was given to subjects. They were able to learn yoga reasonably well. There was a significant improvement in the ADHD symptoms as assessed on CARS (P-0.014), ADHD-RS IV (P=0.021) and CGI- S scales (P=0.004) at the time of discharge.
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Preliminary evidence shows that yoga and mindfulness interventions can decrease core symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents and that joint participation in mindfulness-based interventions between parents and children with ADHD can help to relieve parental stress and over-reactivity.
“Preliminary evidence shows that yoga and mindfulness interventions can decrease core symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents65 66 and that joint participation in mindfulness-based interventions between parents and children with ADHD can help to relieve parental stress and over-reactivity.65 67”
From Biological mechanism study of meditation and its application in mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [66]
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References 37 · Cited by 56
- Authors
- Varambally, S., Hariprasad, V., Arasappa, R., Srinath, S., & Gangadhar, B.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Varambally, S
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 379
- ISSN
- 0019-5545 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3768216
- OpenAlex
- W2011464671
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 2.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- yoga, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, complementary therapy, inpatient care, ADHD symptom severity, ADHD Rating Scale-IV, Clinical Global Impression Scale, feasibility
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