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Cited by 9Oral and gingival health researchOral Health Pathology and TreatmentOral microbiology and periodontitis research

Immunoexpression of interleukin-6 in drug-induced gingival overgrowth patients

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Ganesh, PR·2016·Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
DOI 10.4103/0976-237x.183048PMC PMC4906853
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: To analyze the role of proinflammatory cytokines in drug-induced gingival enlargement in Indian population. AIM: To evaluate for the presence of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in drug-induced gingival enlargement and to compare it with healthy control in the absence of enlargement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients selected for the study and divided into control group (10) and study group (25) consisting of phenytoin (10); cyclosporin (10) and nifedipine (5) induced gingival enlargement. Gingival overgrowth index of Seymour was used to assess overgrowth and allot groups. Under LA, incisional biopsy done, tissue sample fixed in 10% formalin and immunohistochemically evaluated for the presence of IL-6 using LAB-SA method, Labeled- Streptavidin-Biotin Method (LAB-SA kit from Zymed- 2(nd) generation LAB-SA detection system, Zymed Laboratories, CA). The results of immunohistochemistry were statistically analyzed using Kruskaal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The data obtained from immunohistochemistry assessment shows that drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) samples express more IL-6 than control group and cyclosporin expresses more IL-6 followed by phenytoin and nifedipine. CONCLUSION: Increased IL-6 expression was noticed in all three DIGO groups in comparison with control group. Among the study group, cyclosporin expressed maximum IL-6 expression followed by phenytoin and nifedipine.

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  • Phenytoin decreases MMP-1 by increasing the expression of TIMP-1.

    “The result is that phenytoin decreases the MMP-1 by increasing the expression of TIMP-1.”

    From An Update on the Mechanisms of Phenytoin Induced Gingival Overgrowth (2019) · cites this paper as [49]

    The References section names a study reporting that phenytoin suppresses expression of both MMP-1 and TIMP-1, contrary to the claimed increase in TIMP-1. The Discussion attributes increased TIMP production to IL-6, not directly to phenytoin, and says it has no effect on MMP secretion. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

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  • As a result, collagen accumulates in ECM and causes gingival overgrowth.

    “As a result of this, collagen accumulates in ECM and causes gingival overgrowth [44, 49, 50].”

    From An Update on the Mechanisms of Phenytoin Induced Gingival Overgrowth (2019) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Discussion reports that altered connective-tissue turnover in drug-induced gingival overgrowth results in accumulation of matrix components and fibroplasia. It does not specifically state that the accumulating component is collagen or establish collagen accumulation as the cause of overgrowth. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Reduced AP-1 activates TIMP-1 gene expression.

    “Reduced AP-1 activates the TIMP-1 gene expression.”

    From An Update on the Mechanisms of Phenytoin Induced Gingival Overgrowth (2019) · cites this paper as [49]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says IL-6 increases TIMP production by fibroblasts, but it does not discuss AP-1 or activation of TIMP-1 gene expression. Searches for reduced AP-1 and for AP-1-mediated TIMP regulation found no passage addressing that mechanism in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 32

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Authors
Ganesh, P.
Affiliations
Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital (IN)
Corresponding author
Ganesh, PR
ORCID
Ganesh, PR
Venue
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2016
Volume
7
Issue
2
Pages
140
ISSN
  • 0976-2361 (ISSN-L)
  • 0976-237X
DOI
10.4103/0976-237x.183048
PMC
PMC4906853
OpenAlex
W2404361092
Cited by
9
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
FWCI
0.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • Contemporary Clinical Dentistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords
drug-induced gingival hyperplasia, interleukin-6, inflammatory cytokines, phenytoin, cyclosporine, nifedipine, immunohistochemistry, gingival biopsy

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