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Normative ultrasonographic values for testicular volumes in Nigerian boys aged 0-15 years
Abstract
Background: Pediatric testicular volume is an important index in determining the start of puberty, its progress, and/or any subsequent disorder of puberty. It is also important in detecting and monitoring local testicular pathologies. This study is aimed at obtaining reference values for testicular volume measured by ultrasound in normal pediatric age group 0-15 years. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Boys numbering 450 without any evidence of testicular pathology were recruited for this study. The testicular volume was measured by ultrasound (Aloka SSD 3500) utilizing the testicular length, width, and thickness of the ultrasound images. All measurements were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 17). A P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The testicular volume shows no significant increase before the age of 9 years with an average volume of 0.74 ml and then increased to 1.1 ml at 9 years. Afterward, it shows marked increase in volume to reach a value of 8.99 ml at 15 years. Strong correlations were established between the right and left testicular parameters, except for the anteroposterior diameter. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between them, except for length (P = 0.000). Conclusion: The study provides contemporary reference values for testicular volume of the pediatric age group.
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In the citing paper
“This pattern aligns with previously reported pediatric growth trends and reflects the influence of advancing age on testicular develop -ment [22, 23].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Such growth pattern supports recognition of developmental phases where growth acceleration becomes more evident, which is particularly relevant during preadolescence [18, 23, 29].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“Mean testicular volume at 18 years was smaller in the current study than in studies by Lawal,[18] Dave,[3] Largo,[21] Beres,[20] and Tomova et al.[12] and was similar to the study by Joustra et al.[12] with almost similar range (19–32 ml).”
From Stretched Penile Length and Testicular Size from Birth to 18 Years in Boys from Western Maharashtra (2019) · cites this paper as [18]
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Research works printed but not linked: 20
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- Tomova, 2010, Growth and development of male external genitalia: A cross-sectional study of 6200 males aged 0 to 19 years, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 1152
- Sotos JF, Tokar NJ. Testicular Volume revisited. Int J Paediatr Endocr 2012:17. Doi: 10.1186/1687-9856-2012-17. Available from: http://www.ijpeonline.com/content/2012/1/17. [Last accessed on 2013 Jan 21]. · DOI
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mini-Puberty, Physiological and Disordered: Consequences, and Potential for Therapeutic Replacement
Rohayem, J., Alexander, E. C., Heger, S., Nordenström, A., & Howard, S. R. (2024) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnae003 · Cited by 128
Stretched Penile Length and Testicular Size from Birth to 18 Years in Boys from Western Maharashtra
Khadilkar, A., Jaiswal, V., Khadilkar, V., & Lohiya, N. (2019) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_242_18 · Cited by 22
“[21] Testicular volume of 12 ml (where a boy gets a growth spurt of puberty)[22] was reached at 14 years of age in our study which was similar to that in the study by Tomova et al.[12] Mean testicular volume at 18 years was smaller in the current study than in studies by Lawal,[18] Dave,[3] Largo,[21] Beres,[20] and T…”
ResultInfluentialEl-Ella, S. S. A., Tawfik, M., El-Aziz, T. F. A., Shalaby, A., & Barseem, N. (2020) · Pediatric surgery international (Print) · doi:10.1007/s00383-020-04735-8 · Cited by 6
Testicular Volume in Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in Uyo, a South-South Nigerian City.
Okorie, O., Eyong, M., Ekrikpo, U., & Ekanem, E. (2021) · Journal of Tropical Pediatrics · doi:10.1093/tropej/fmab083 · Cited by 1
Shahzad, B., Fatima, B., Bashir, M. K., Waheed, M. R., Zafar, Z., & Zaidi, S. S. H. (2026) · National Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.21089/njhs.112.0084
Metadata
- Authors
- Lawal, S., Idris, H., Ibinaiye, P., Hamidu, A., Tabari, M., Usman, B., & Lawal, A.
- Affiliations
- Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Lawal, Suleiman
- Venue
- Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Medknow
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 71
- ISSN
- 2384-5147 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2474938547
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Testicular diseases and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- testicular volume, reference values, testicular ultrasound, puberty onset, testicular dimensions, Nigerian children
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Normative ultrasonographic values for testicular volumes in Nigerian boys aged 0-15 years. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4103/2384-5147.184353
- The paper
- Lawal, S., Idris, H., Ibinaiye, P., Hamidu, A., Tabari, M., Usman, B., & Lawal, A. (2016). Normative ultrasonographic values for testicular volumes in Nigerian boys aged 0-15 years. Sub-Saharan African Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.4103/2384-5147.184353
