Association of interleukin-6 (IL-6) with suicide attempt
Open accessAbstract
Background: Suicide is a major cause of death among young adults, but few biological markers have been linked to suicidality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play a role in elevating the risk of depression and suicidal tendencies. However, limited research has explored the connections between IL-6 and suicidal thoughts or actions. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the association between IL-6 levels and suicide attempts. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 31 patients undergoing clinical follow-up after a suicide attempt were enrolled. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) was used for assessment of suicidal behavior. IL-6 levels in patients were measured using the ELISA technique with the IL-6 Human ELISA Kit (Invitrogen, Cat. No-BMS213-2) following the manufacturer’s protocols. Results: The mean level of IL-6 in the patients was 2.75 ± 6.50 (range: 0–36.6) pg/mL. Women exhibited higher IL-6 levels than men (women = 4.04 ± 8.97; men = 1.54 ± 1.86) pg/mL. IL-6 levels significantly increased with higher severity levels of suicidal ideation, with a P value of 0.0001, indicating a positive association. A significant positive correlation was observed between IL-6 levels and the intensity of suicidal ideation, with higher intensity associated with elevated IL-6 levels ( P value = 0.0113). A significant positive correlation was observed between IL-6 levels and the lethality of suicidal ideation, with higher levels of lethality associated with elevated IL-6 levels ( P value = 0.0129). Conclusion: This study provides evidence that elevated IL-6 levels are associated with suicide attempts, supporting its potential role as a biomarker for suicidal behavior.
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Higher IL-6 levels correlated with the lethality of suicidal attempts, highlighting its potential as a state-dependent biomarker.
“Another study found higher IL-6 levels correlated with the lethality of suicidal attempts, further highlighting its potential as a state-dependent biomarker (70).”
From Exploring the neurobiological markers of suicidal behaviors in pediatric population: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as [70]
The Abstract Results and Discussion report a positive correlation between IL-6 levels and lethality scores, and the paper discusses IL-6 as a potential biomarker. However, the Results and Conclusion say IL-6 did not significantly predict attempt lethality after adjustment for gender (P = 0.129). The paper does not establish that IL-6 is specifically a state-dependent biomarker. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 17 · Cited by 2
- Authors
- Shah, I. R., Manzoor, S., Hussain, A., Majid, S., & Khan, K.
- Affiliations
- Government Medical College (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Hussain, Arshad
- Venue
- Industrial Psychiatry Journal
- Published
- 2025-09
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 433-437
- ISSN
- 0972-6748 (ISSN-L)
- 0976-2795
- PMC
- PMC12574729
- OpenAlex
- W4415854952
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Industrial Psychiatry Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, suicide attempts, suicidal ideation, suicide severity, sex differences, young adults
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