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Cited by 21Bacterial Infections and VaccinesBacterial Identification and Susceptibility TestingInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

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Clinical use of multiplex-PCR for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis

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Sharma, Nupur, Gautam, Hitender, Tyagi, Sonu, Raza, Shahid, Mohapatra, Sarita, Sood, Seema, Dhawan, Benu, Kapil, Arti, Das, Bimal K.·2022·Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
DOI 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1162_21PMC PMC8963590
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Abstract

Background and Objectives: Prompt and accurate diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) is critical for patient management. We designed and evaluated two sets of multiplex-PCR assays for the simultaneous detection of six major etiologies of ABM i.e., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis in one set and Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli in another set of multiplex-PCR in CSF of patients with suspected ABM. Methods: A total of 113 CSF specimens from patients of all ages having clinical features suggestive of meningitis were tested for bacteriological evidence by Gram’s smear, culture, and our designed multiplex-PCR. Results: Multiplex-PCR assay performed excellently by increasing the overall detection rate by 6% when compared to culture as of total 113 samples tested, 17 (15%) were positive by multiplex-PCR whereas only 9% (10/113) were positive by culture. It detected the DNA in eight culture negative samples revealing the presence of S. pneumoniae in three and other possible bacterial pathogens in five of them. Our assay showed a DNA detection limit of 1 pg/μL. Compared to CSF culture, the sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex-PCR were 90% and 92.2%, respectively. Conclusion: This study accentuates the importance of multiplex-PCR assay that is efficiently fast and reliable for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis that can substantially improve the diagnosis in culture negative cases, especially in patients who were previously started on antimicrobial therapy.

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Figure 1 Multiplex-PCR standardization: (a) Amplification of N.meningitidis, H.influenzae, and S.pneumoniae DNAs in first set of multiplex-PCR. Lane 1-100bp DNA ladder, 2-N.meningitidis, 3- H.influenzae, and 4-S.pneumoniae. (b) Amplification of E. coli, L.monocytogenes and S.agalactiae in second set of multiplex-PCR. Lane 1-100bp ladder, 2-E. coli, 3-L. monocytogenes and 4-S.agalactiae
Figure 1 Multiplex-PCR standardization: (a) Amplification of N.meningitidis, H.influenzae, and S.pneumoniae DNAs in first set of multiplex-PCR. Lane 1-100bp DNA ladder, 2-N.meningitidis, 3- H.influenzae, and 4-S.pneumoniae. (b) Amplification of E. coli, L.monocytogenes and S.agalactiae in second set of multiplex-PCR. Lane 1-100bp ladder, 2-E. coli, 3-L. monocytogenes and 4-S.agalactiaeCC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Multiplex-PCR results on CSF samples: Lane 1- 100bp DNA ladder; 2,3,4-Positive controls of first set multiplaex-PCR (; 5,7- Samples positive for 16S rRNA gene, 6- Sample positive for16S rRNA & Streptococcus pneumoniae; 8- Negative control
Figure 2 Multiplex-PCR results on CSF samples: Lane 1- 100bp DNA ladder; 2,3,4-Positive controls of first set multiplaex-PCR (; 5,7- Samples positive for 16S rRNA gene, 6- Sample positive for16S rRNA & Streptococcus pneumoniae; 8- Negative controlCC BY-NC-SA · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 24

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Metadata

Authors
Sharma, N., Gautam, H., Tyagi, S., Raza, S., Mohapatra, S., Sood, S., Dhawan, B., Kapil, A., & Das, B. K.
Affiliations
  • All India Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
  • Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Corresponding author
Gautam, Hitender
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2022-02
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
593-598
ISSN
  • 2249-4863 (ISSN-L)
  • 2278-7135
DOI
10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1162_21
PMC
PMC8963590
OpenAlex
W4214708925
Cited by
21
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7
FWCI
2.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
acute bacterial meningitis, multiplex PCR, cerebrospinal fluid, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli, culture-negative meningitis, molecular diagnosis, sensitivity and specificity

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Clinical use of multiplex-PCR for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1162_21
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Sharma, N., Gautam, H., Tyagi, S., Raza, S., Mohapatra, S., Sood, S., Dhawan, B., Kapil, A., & Das, B. K. (2022). Clinical use of multiplex-PCR for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1162_21