Advances in ophthalmic drug delivery
Open accessAbstract
Various strategies for ocular drug delivery are considered; from basic formulation techniques for improving availability of drugs; viscosity enhancers and mucoadhesives aid drug retention and penetration enhancers promote drug transport into the eye. The use of drug-loaded contact lenses and ocular inserts allows drugs to be better placed where they are needed for more direct delivery. Developments in ocular implants gives a means to overcome the physical barriers that traditionally prevented effective treatment. Implant technologies are under development allowing long-term drug delivery from a single procedure, these devices allow posterior chamber diseases to be effectively treated. Future developments could bring artificial corneas to eliminate the need for donor tissue and one-off implantable drug depots lasting the patient's lifetime.
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Subconjunctival and episcleral implants have drawbacks including foreign body sensation, burst release preceding controlled discharge, undesired migration around the eye, inadvertent loss, and difficulty in insertion or removal.
“The drawbacks of ocular inserts encompass foreign body sensation, burst release preceding controlled discharge, undesired migration around the eye (e.g. causing visual disturbances or movement towards the upper fornix), inadvertent loss during sleep or following eye rubbing and difficulty in insertion or removal [73,74].”
From From design to Deployment: The innovative role of nanomicelles in targeted ophthalmic therapeutics (2025) · cites this paper as [74]
Table 1 (page unavailable) lists foreign-body sensation, movement that could interfere with vision, accidental loss, difficulty inserting or removing devices, and burst release before controlled delivery as disadvantages of ocular inserts. The paper distinguishes ocular inserts from implants in its Key terms section; it does not establish these drawbacks specifically for subconjunctival or episcleral implants, nor the stated circumstances of loss during sleep or after eye rubbing. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 127 · Cited by 196
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Review Morrison & Khutoryanskiy •• Designed a topical drug-delivery system using submicron- sized liposomes as carriers targeting the retina from a noninvasive system.
- Coffman RE, Kildsig DO. Hydrotropic solubilisation - mechanistic studies. J. Pharm. Res. 13(10), 1460-1463 (1996).
- Rangel-Yagui CO, Pessoa-Jr A, Tavares LC. Micellar solubilisation of drugs. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 8(2), 147-163 (2005).
- Hironaka K, Inokuchi Y, Tozuka Y, Shimazawa M, Hara H, Takeuchi H. Design and evaluation of a liposomal delivery system targeting the posterior segment of the eye. J. Control. Release 136(3), 247-253 (2009).
- Rathore KS, Nema RK. Review on ocular inserts. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 1(2), 164-169 (2009).
- Tan DT, Chee SP, Lim L, Lim AS. Randomised clinical trial of a new dexamethasone delivery system (Surodex) for treatment of post-cataract surgery inflammation. Ophthalmology 106(2), 223-231 (1999) 126
- Authors
- Morrison, P. W., & Khutoryanskiy, V. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V
- Venue
- Therapeutic Delivery
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1297-1315
- ISSN
- 2041-5990 (ISSN-L)
- 2041-6008
- OpenAlex
- W2148638984
- Cited by
- 196
- References
- 127
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 1.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Therapeutic Delivery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F017189/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ocular Surface and Contact Lens
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Infections and Treatments
- Keywords
- ocular drug delivery, ophthalmic preparations, viscosity enhancers, penetration enhancers, ocular inserts, ocular implants, artificial cornea
- MeSH terms
- Biological Availability, Contact Lenses, Eye Diseases, Humans, Ointments, Ophthalmic Solutions, Solubility, Tissue Adhesives, Viscosity, Drug Delivery Systems, Absorbable Implants, Nanoparticles, Intravitreal Injections
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