Ingestion of large amounts of papaya fruit and impaired effectiveness of levothyroxine therapy
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Enzymes such as papain present in papaya possibly delay gastric emptying and decrease LT4 bioavailability.
“Enzymes such as papain that are present in papaya possibly delay gastric emptying and decrease LT4 bioavailability (52).”
From ETA guidelines for the use of levothyroxine sodium preparations in monotherapy to optimize the treatment of hypothyroidism (2025) · cites this paper as [52]
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References 6 · Cited by 28
- Authors
- Deiana, L., Marini, S., & Mariotti, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Mariotti, Stefano
- ORCID
- Mariotti, Stefano
- Venue
- Endocrine Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-100
- ISSN
- 1530-891X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042517848
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Endocrine Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Papaya Research and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- papaya, papain, levothyroxine, thyroid hormone replacement, drug interactions, free triiodothyronine, hyperthyroidism
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Goiter, Nodular, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Intestinal Absorption, Male, Thyroidectomy, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Food-Drug Interactions, Carica
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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