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Cited by 117Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsBone Metabolism and DiseasesGrowth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors

Role and Mechanisms of Actions of Thyroid Hormone on the Skeletal Development

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Kim, Ha-Young, Mohan, Subburaman·2013·Bone Research
DOI 10.4248/br201302004PMC PMC4472099
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Abstract

The importance of the thyroid hormone axis in the regulation of skeletal growth and maintenance has been well established from clinical studies involving patients with mutations in proteins that regulate synthesis and/or actions of thyroid hormone. Data from genetic mouse models involving disruption and overexpression of components of the thyroid hormone axis also provide direct support for a key role for thyroid hormone in the regulation of bone metabolism. Thyroid hormone regulates proliferation and/or differentiated actions of multiple cell types in bone including chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Thyroid hormone effects on the target cells are mediated via ligand-inducible nuclear receptors/transcription factors, thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β, of which TRα seems to be critically important in regulating bone cell functions. In terms of mechanisms for thyroid hormone action, studies suggest that thyroid hormone regulates a number of key growth factor signaling pathways including insulin-like growth factor-I, parathyroid hormone related protein, fibroblast growth factor, Indian hedgehog and Wnt to influence skeletal growth. In this review we describe findings from various genetic mouse models and clinical mutations of thyroid hormone signaling related mutations in humans that pertain to the role and mechanism of action of thyroid hormone in the regulation of skeletal growth and maintenance.

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Authors
Kim, H.-Y., & Mohan, S.
Affiliations
Loma Linda University (US)
Corresponding author
Mohan, Subburaman
ORCID
Venue
Bone Research
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2013-06-28
Volume
1
Issue
2
Pages
146-161
ISSN
  • 2095-4700 (ISSN-L)
  • 2095-6231
DOI
10.4248/br201302004
PMC
PMC4472099
OpenAlex
W918537887
Cited by
117
References
130
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2
FWCI
0.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Bone Research (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Strong
  • National Institutes of Health (AR048139)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R56AR048139, R01AR048139)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
Keywords
thyroid hormones, skeletal development, bone metabolism, thyroid hormone receptor alpha, thyroid hormone receptor beta, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone cell proliferation, growth factor signaling, insulin-like growth factor I, parathyroid hormone-related protein, fibroblast growth factor, Indian hedgehog, Wnt signaling, genetic mouse models

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