Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection Increases Placental Parasite Density and Transplacental Malaria Transmission in Western Kenya
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Plasmodium falciparum malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 adversely interact in the context of pregnancy, however little is known regarding the influence of co-infection on the risk of congenital malaria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of placental and congenital malaria and impact of HIV co-infection on trans-placental malaria transmission in 157 parturient women and their infants by microscopy and by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in western Kenya. The prevalence of placental and cord blood infections were 17.2% and 0% by microscopy, and 33.1% and 10.8% by PCR. HIV co-infection was associated with a significant increase in placental parasite density (P < 0.05). Cord blood malaria prevalence was increased in co-infected women (odds ratio [OR] = 5.42; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.90–15.47) and correlated with placental parasite density (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 1.80–3.67). A 1-log increase in placental monocyte count was associated with increased risk of congenital infection (P = 0.001) (OR = 48.15; 95% CI = 4.59–505.50). The HIV co-infected women have a significantly increased burden of placental malaria that increases the risk of congenital infection.
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Whether applied to peripheral blood or placental blood samples, PCR methods yield positivity rates 20% or more above those of blood smear microscopy.
“Whether applied to peripheral blood or placental blood samples, PCR methods yield positivity rates 20% or more above those of BS microscopy (Tables 3 & 4) [10,14–16,38–46].”
From Diagnosing malaria in pregnancy: An update (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
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References 2 · Cited by 77
- Authors
- Perrault, S. D., Hajek, J., Zhong, K., Owino, S. O., Sichangi, M., Smith, G., Shi, Y. P., Moore, J. M., & Kain, K. C.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; McLaughlin-Rotman Centre for Global Health, McLaughlin Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee
- Corresponding author
- Kain, Kevin C.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 119-125
- ISSN
- 0002-9637 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2752680
- OpenAlex
- W4321429278
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI050240)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bird parasitology and diseases
- Keywords
- HIV-1 coinfection, Plasmodium falciparum, placental malaria, congenital malaria, pregnancy, Western Kenya
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Female, Fetal Blood, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Kenya, Placenta, Plasmodium falciparum, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Rural Population, HIV Infections, Prevalence, DNA, Protozoan, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Malaria, Falciparum, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Gravidity
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