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Cited by 592Biofield Effects and BiophysicsMartial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and EducationTraditional Chinese Medicine Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 125 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Comprehensive Review of Health Benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi

Open access
Jahnke, Roger, Larkey, Linda, Rogers, Carol, Etnier, Jennifer, Lin, Fang·2010·American Journal of Health Promotion
DOI 10.4278/ajhp.081013-lit-248PMC PMC3085832
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Research examining psychological and physiological benefits of Qigong and Tai Chi is growing rapidly. The many practices described as Qigong or Tai Chi have similar theoretical roots, proposed mechanisms of action, and expected benefits. Research trials and reviews, however, treat them as separate targets of examination. This review examines the evidence for achieving outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of both. DATA SOURCES: The key words Tai Chi, Taiji, Tai Chi Chuan, and Qigong were entered into electronic search engines for the Cumulative Index for Allied Health and Nursing (CINAHL), psychological literature (PsycINFO), PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs reporting on the results of Qigong or Tai Chi interventions and published in peer-reviewed journals from 1993 to 2007. DATA EXTRACTION: Country, type and duration of activity, number/type of subjects, control conditions, and reported outcomes were recorded for each study. SYNTHESIS: Outcomes related to Qigong and Tai Chi practice were identified and evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. The nine outcome category groupings that emerged were bone density (n = 4), cardiopulmonary effects (n = 19), physical function (n = 16), falls and related risk factors (n = 23), quality of life (n = 17), self-efficacy (n = 8), patient-reported outcomes (n = 13), psychological symptoms (n = 27), and immune function (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: Research has demonstrated consistent, significant results for a number of health benefits in RCTs, evidencing progress toward recognizing the similarity and equivalence of Qigong and Tai Chi.

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Citations

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Show all 126 references

Research works printed but not linked: 16

  1. Jahnke R., 2002, The Healing Promise of Qi: Creating Extraordinary Wellness Through Qigong and Tai Chi
  2. Sancier K. M., 1996, Altern Ther, 2, 40
  3. Matsuda S., 2005, Rehab Manage, 18, 24
  4. Chen K., 2002, J Int Soc Life Inf Sci, 20, 532
  5. Mustian K. M., 2006, J Support Oncol, 4, 139
  6. Burini D., 2006, Eura Medicophys, 42, 231
  7. Song R., 2003, J Rheumatol, 30, 2039
  8. Tsang T., 2007, Clin Intervent Aging, 2, 429
  9. Yang Y., 2007, Med Sci Monit, 13, CR339
  10. Song R., 2007, Daehan Ganho Haghoeji, 37, 249
  11. Winsmann F., 2005, The Effect of Tai Chi Chuan Meditation on Dissociation in a Group of Veterans [dissertation]
  12. Manzaneque J. M., 2004, Med Sci Monit, 10, CR264
  13. Xu S. W., 1986, Chin J Sports Med, 5, 150
  14. Zhang G. D., 1990, J Beijing Inst Phys Educ, 4, 12
  15. Li Z. Q., 1995, Chin J Sports Med, 14, 53
  16. Jones B. M., 2001, BMC Complement Altern Med

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Metadata

Authors
Jahnke, R., Larkey, L., Rogers, C., Etnier, J., & Lin, F.
Affiliations
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • University of North Carolina at Greensboro (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Health Promotion
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2010-07
Volume
24
Issue
6
Pages
e1-e25
ISSN
0890-1171 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4278/ajhp.081013-lit-248
PMC
PMC3085832
OpenAlex
W2132543478
Cited by
592
References
126
Citations by year
2026: 36 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 23
FWCI
2.47
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Health Promotion (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Nursing Research (F31NR010852)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (U01AT002706)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Biofield Effects and Biophysics
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Martial Arts: Techniques, Psychology, and Education
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies
Keywords
qigong, Tai Chi, health benefits, bone mineral density, cardiopulmonary function, physical function, falls, quality of life, self-efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, psychological symptoms, immune function, mind-body exercise
MeSH terms
Breathing Exercises, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Tai Ji

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