The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Anti de Sitter space and holography
Open accessAbstract
Recently, it has been proposed by Maldacena that large N limits of certain conformal field theories in d dimensions can be described in terms of supergravity (and string theory) on the product of d 4-1dimensional AdS space with a compact manifold.Here we elaborate on this idea and propose a precise correspondence between conformal field theory observables and those of supergravity: correlation functions in conformal field theory are given by the dependence of the supergravity action on the asymptotic behavior at infinity.In particular, dimensions of operators in conformal field theory are given by masses of particles in supergravity.As quantitative confirmation of this correspondence, we note that the Kaluza-Klein modes of Type IIB supergravity on AdS^ x S 5 match with the chiral operators of Af = 4 super Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions.With some further assumptions, one can deduce a H'amiltonian version of the correspondence and show that the Af = 4 theory has a large N phase transition related to the thermodynamics of AdS black holes.
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“By discovering the AdS/CFT correspondence [1, 2], Maldacena definitively answered the question of whether information can escape from a black hole.It can.”
From Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“The Euclidean partition function (Z ) of the boundary theory is related to the on-shell bulk gravitational action (I ) as follows [2,3]:”
From Holographic spacetime, black holes and quantum error correcting codes: a review (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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“in AdS/CFT, the bulk quantum gravity theory in d + spacetime dimensions is dual to an ordinary d-dimensional conformal field theory that lives on the asymptotic boundary of the bulk spacetime.”
From Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2020) · cites this paper as [2]
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“Superstring theories in asymptotically AdS spacetimes are dual to conformal field theories living on the boundary (Gubser et al., 1998;Witten, 1998;Maldacena, 1999;Aharony et al., 2000).”
From Euclidean Wormholes, Baby Universes, and Their Impact on Particle Physics and Cosmology (2018) · cites this paper as Witten, 1998
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“The AdS/CFT correspondence [6], in its strongest form, describes a duality between a theory of gravity and conformal field theory at the level of their partition functions, summarized by Gubser, Klebanov, Polyakov and Witten (GKPW) [46,47]”
From Three-Dimensional Quantum Black Holes: A Primer (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
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Citations
Cites
The large $N$ limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity
Maldacena, J. (1998) · Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics · doi:10.4310/atmp.1998.v2.n2.a1 · Cited by 14,524
The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and SupergravityPreprint
Maldacena, J. (1998) · Cited by 12,247
The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time
Hawking, S. W., & Ellis, G. F. R. (1973) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511524646 · Cited by 10,624
Gauge theory correlators from non-critical string theory
Gubser, S. S., Klebanov, I. R., & Polyakov, A. M. (1998) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(98)00377-3 · Cited by 9,307
Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory
Gubser, S. S., Klebanov, I. R., & Polyakov, A. M. (1998) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 6,627
Quantum field theory and the Jones polynomial
Witten, E. (1989) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01217730 · Cited by 4,758
Self-citationA planar diagram theory for strong interactions
Hooft, G. '. (1974) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(74)90154-0 · Cited by 4,476 · cited 7×
“In large N QCD, such behavior cannot prevail at all temperatures.”
BackgroundInfluentialSusskind, L. (1995) · Journal of Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.531249 · Cited by 4,085 · cited 1×
“This correspondence is thus “holographic,” in the sense of [32,33].”
BackgroundAction integrals and partition functions in quantum gravity
Gibbons, G. W., & Hawking, S. W. (1977) · Physical Review D · doi:10.1103/physrevd.15.2752 · Cited by 3,449 · cited 1×
“In writing this action, we must remember to include a surface term [50,51] in the Einstein action.”
MethodThermodynamics of black holes in anti-de Sitter space
Hawking, S. W., & Page, D. N. (1983) · Communications in Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/bf01208266 · Cited by 3,045 · cited 9×
“On the other hand, it is also shown in [56] that very low mass AdS black holes have negative specific heat, like black holes in asymptotically flat space.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Research works printed but not linked: 6
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- P. Glaus, R. Kallosh, J. Kumar, P. Townsend, and A. van Proeyen, "Conformai Theory Of M2, D3, M5, and Dl-Branes + r>5-Branes", hep-th/9801206. · arXiv
- R. Kallosh, J. Kumar, and A. Rajaraman, "Special Conformai Symme- try of Wbridvoiume Actions", hep-th/9712073. · arXiv
- S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov, and A. M. Polyakov, "Gauge Theory Correiafcors from Noncritical String Theory", hep-th/9802109. · arXiv
- R. Penrose and W. Rindler, "Spinors and Spacetime", Vol. 2, Cam- bridge University Press, 1986, Chapter 9.
- C. LeBrun, Proc. Roy. London Ser. A 380 (1982) 171.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Large N field theories, string theory and gravity
Ofer Aharony, A., Gubser, S. S., MALDACENA, J. M., Ooguri, H., & Oz, Y. (2000) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(99)00083-6 · Cited by 6,395
Ryu, S., & Takayanagi, T. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.181602 · Cited by 4,302
Anti-de Sitter space, thermal phase transition, and confinement in gauge theories
Witten, E. (1998) · Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics · doi:10.4310/atmp.1998.v2.n3.a3 · Cited by 3,915
Self-citationColloquium : Area laws for the entanglement entropy
Eisert, J., Cramer, M., & Plenio, M. B. (2010) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.277 · Cited by 2,873
Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
Kovtun, P. K., Son, D. T., & Starinets, A. O. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.94.111601 · Cited by 3,159
Metadata
- Authors
- Witten, E.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- Corresponding author
- Witten, Edward
- ORCID
- Witten, Edward
- Venue
- Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
- Publisher
- International Press of Boston
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 253-291
- ISSN
- 1095-0753 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-0761
- OpenAlex
- W1889142700
- Cited by
- 13,070
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 362 · 2025: 553 · 2024: 565 · 2023: 487 · 2022: 519 · 2021: 539 · 2020: 532 · 2019: 490 · 2018: 468 · 2017: 502 · 2016: 652 · 2015: 527 · 2014: 501 · 2013: 537 · 2012: 563
- FWCI
- 261.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- AdS/CFT correspondence, anti-de Sitter space, holography, large N limit, conformal field theory, supergravity, type IIB supergravity, Kaluza-Klein modes, chiral operators, N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills, AdS black holes, operator dimensions, correlation functions
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