The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of lake size, water clarity, and climatic variability on mixing depths in Canadian Shield lakes
Abstract
The depth of the summer mixed (Ed) of 21 Canadian Shield lakes in northwestern Ontario was examined in relation to lake size (surface area, Ao) and water clarity (extinction coefficient, K d) for periods ranging from 2 to 23 yr (n = 1,408). The lakes range in Ao from 4 to 4.9 × 10 5 ha, and midsummer (mid‐June through mid‐August mean) K d varied from <0.2 to >2.5 m‒1 with greatest variation in small lakes that were experimentally eutrophicated or acidified or whose terrestrial basins were burned. Over the full spectrum of lake sizes, Ao was the primary determinant of E d; transparency significantly modified this relationship but only in small lakes (Ao <500 ha). In noneutrophic shield lakes, transparency is controlled by the concentration of dissolved organic C (DOC). Lower DOC concentrations (a likely consequence of 2 × CO 2 climate change) would cause transparency to increase, resulting in 1–2‐m‐deeper epilimnia in small lakes; there would be no similar effect in large lakes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hutchinson, E. G. (1957) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,896
Ruttner, F. (1953) · University of Toronto Press eBooks · doi:10.3138/9781487573782 · Cited by 398
Bannister, T. T. (1974) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1974.19.1.0001 · Cited by 314
Fee, E. J. (1976) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1976.21.6.0767 · Cited by 270
Self-citationGorham, E., & Boyce, F. M. (1989) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(89)71479-9 · Cited by 255
Geography and Bathymetry of Selected Lake Basins, Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario
Brunskill, G. J., & Schindler, D. W. (1971) · Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada · doi:10.1139/f71-028 · Cited by 200
Absorption of light by yellow substance in freshwater lakes
Davies‐Colley, R. J., & Vant, W. N. (1987) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1987.32.2.0416 · Cited by 197
Effects of Lake Size on Phytoplankton Photosynthesis
Fee, E., Shearer, J. A., DeBruyn, E. R., & Schindler, E. U. (1992) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/f92-270 · Cited by 101
Self-citationRagotzkie, R. A. (1978) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1152-3_1 · Cited by 64
Introduction to the Northwest Ontario Lake Size Series (NOLSS)
Fee, E., & Hecky, R. E. (1992) · Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences · doi:10.1139/f92-269 · Cited by 58
Self-citation
Cited by
Higgins, S. N., & Zanden, M. J. V. (2010) · Ecological Monographs · doi:10.1890/09-1249.1 · Cited by 578
MICROCOSM EXPERIMENTS HAVE LIMITED RELEVANCE FOR COMMUNITY AND ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY: REPLY
Carpenter, S. R. (1999) · Ecology · doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1085:mehlrf]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 531
Schindler, D. W., Bayley, S. E., Parker, B. R., Beaty, K. G., Cruikshank, D. R., Fee, E. J., Schindler, E. U., & Stainton, M. P. (1996) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.1996.41.5.1004 · Cited by 517
Self-citationSchindler, D. W. (2009) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.6_part_2.2349 · Cited by 329
Lake‐size dependency of wind shear and convection as controls on gas exchange
Read, J. S., Hamilton, D. P., Desai, A. R., Rose, K. C., MacIntyre, S., Lenters, J. D., Smyth, R. L., Hanson, P. C., Cole, J. J., Staehr, P. A., et al. (2012) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2012gl051886 · Cited by 317
Metadata
- Authors
- Fee, E. J., Hecky, R. E., Kasian, S. E. M., & Cruikshank, D. R.
- Venue
- Limnology and Oceanography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1996-07
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 912-920
- ISSN
- 0024-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-5590
- OpenAlex
- W2068012975
- Cited by
- 506
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 11.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of lake size, water clarity, and climatic variability on mixing depths in Canadian Shield lakes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4319/lo.1996.41.5.0912
- The paper
- Fee, E. J., Hecky, R. E., Kasian, S. E. M., & Cruikshank, D. R. (1996). Effects of lake size, water clarity, and climatic variability on mixing depths in Canadian Shield lakes. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.5.0912
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.