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Zooplankton grazing and growth: Scaling within the 2‐2,‐μm body size range
Open accessAbstract
In order to study the size dependency of grazing and growth rates in zooplankton, data were collected from laboratory studies in the literature, covering both limnic and marine organisms. Data were obtained from about 60 species of nano‐, micro‐, and mesozooplankton, representing flagellates, ciliates, rotifers, meroplankton larvae, copepods, and cladocerans. Estimates of maximum ingestion and clearance were extracted from functional responses (ingestion rates as a function of food density) established from laboratory experiments. Maximum specific rates were expressed as a function of predator body volume. Maximum specific clearance and ingestion rates decreased with predator volume within each group of zooplankton, with a common exponent (scaling factor) of −0.23 (SE = ±0.12) in accordance with previous findings. However, significant differences were found between groups. In particular, among the protists, ciliates display maximum ingestion, growth, and clearance rates that exceed those of dinoflagellates by a factor of 2–4. Among the metazooplankton, calanoid copepods have maximum clearance rates that exceed those of filter‐feeding cladocerans and meroplankton larvae by a factor of 10. Because of these differences between the groups, the entire set of observations could not be fitted by an overall regression.
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“In order to make a comparison of food effects on Er between different months, egg production was standardised (Ertemp, Table 5) to a temperature of 10� C using a Q10 of 2.8 according to Hansen et al. (1997) .”
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“The half-saturation parameters of zooplankton grazing rate were initially based on the relationship between metabolic rates and body volume of Hansen et al. (1997). used the same approach as for nutrient limitation of the phytoplankton PFTs, and adjusted the half-saturation parameters for grazing…”
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“The tH0 is set to yield a maximum ingestion rate of about 1 d 1 (Hansen et al., 1997), which is used for both the small and the large zooplankton type to be consistent with the original model.”
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“Even if we assume a high gross growth efficiency (K1) [Hansen et al. (1997) give maximum values for copepods and cladocerans between 0.3 and 0.4], the resulting N”
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“…is a useful parameter to assess functional ecology, e.g. to compare the performance of different taxa, such as ciliates and flagellates (Hansen 1992; Hansen et al. 1997; Neuer and Cowles 1995; Sherr et al. 1991; see also next Chapter) Func-tionally a can also be separated into two components: (1)…”
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BackgroundFlow disturbances generated by feeding and swimming zooplankton
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Simplifying a physiologically structured population model to a stage-structured biomass model.
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“For the massspecific maximum ingestion rate an estimate of 0.1 for the proportionality constant in this quarter-power scaling relation can be derived from data on zooplankton grazing rates presented by Hansen et al. (1997).”
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“Community grazing for all microfauna groups was calculated from average cell volumes and standing stocks according to equations in Hansen et al. (1997).”
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“Equilibrium resource competition theory tells us that the biomass of these smaller phytoplankton will be tightly cropped by their quickly growing, small predators (Hansen et al. 1994, 1997), allowing for the accumulation of excess inorganic resource.”
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Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate
Stock, C. A. A., Dunne, J. P. P., & John, J. G. (2014) · Biogeosciences · doi:10.5194/bg-11-7125-2014 · Cited by 119
“Syntheses of laboratory ZGE measurements has yielded some evidence for increasing ZGE across the range of food concentrations simulated herein (∼ 10–100 mg C m) before dropping at very high concentrations (Straile, 1997; Hansen et al., 1997).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Ocean's labile DOC supply chain
Moran, M. A., Ferrer-González, F., Fu, H., Nowinski, B., Olofsson, M., Powers, M. A., Schreier, J. E., Schroer, W. F., Smith, C. B., & Uchimiya, M. (2022) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.12053 · Cited by 113
Turner, J. T., Levinsen, H., Nielsen, T. G., & Hansen, B. W. (2001) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps221209 · Cited by 112
“Cell volumes for all these classes, except for diatoms, were estimated from measurements of linear dimensions assuming simple geometric shapes of cells, and converted to organic C content using a relation of 0.13 pg C µm–3 (Hansen et al. 1997).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationUsing Q10: Can growth rates increase linearly with temperature?
Montagnes, D., Kimmance, S., & Atkinson, D. (2003) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame032307 · Cited by 113
Harðardóttir, S., Pančić, M., Tammilehto, A., Krock, B., Møller, E. F., Nielsen, T. G., & Lundholm, N. (2015) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md13063809 · Cited by 109
Why large cells dominate estuarine phytoplankton
Cloern, J. E. (2017) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.1002/lno.10749 · Cited by 106
“Second, these functions are grounded in a rich history of experimental measurements that have recently been compiled and synthesized by Taniguchi et al. (2014), building from earlier compilations (e.g., Edwards et al. 2012; Hansen et al. 1997).”
BackgroundSwalethorp, R., Kjellerup, S., Dünweber, M., Nielsen, T. G., Møller, E. F., Rysgaard, S., & Hansen, B. W. (2011) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps09065 · Cited by 108
“SPP of the 3 Calanus species was correlated to chl a in the upper 20 m (incubation water) of the water column (p < 0.01) and could be described by a hyperbolic function (y = ax /(b + x)) as suggested by Hansen et al. (1997).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationJeong, H. J., Shim, J. H., LEE, C. W., Kim, J. S., & KOH, S. M. (1999) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04586.x · Cited by 107
Scaling of feeding in marine calanoid copepods
Saiz, E., & Calbet, A. (2007) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2007.52.2.0668 · Cited by 105
“Similar to basal metabolic rates (e.g., respiration, excretion), feeding rates of calanoid copepods under satiating conditions seemed to conform to the general trend of three-quarters scaling to body mass (Peters 1983; Hansen et al. 1997).”
BackgroundContinental erosion and the Cenozoic rise of marine diatoms
Cermeño, P., Falkowski, P. G., Romero, O. E., Schaller, M. F., & Vallina, S. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1412883112 · Cited by 100
Induction of domoic acid production in diatoms—Types of grazers and diatoms are important
Lundholm, N., Krock, B., John, U., Skov, J., Cheng, J., Pančić, M., Wohlrab, S., Rigby, K., Nielsen, T. G., Selander, E., et al. (2018) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.005 · Cited by 106
Habitat Connectivity and Ecosystem Productivity: Implications from a Simple Model
Cloern, J. E. (2006) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/510258 · Cited by 103
“This functional form, observed in laboratory measurements of rotifer, cladoceran, and copepod feeding rates (Hansen et al. 1997), reflects a mechanical and metabolic constraint on the capacity of these consumers to capture and assimilate food particles.”
BackgroundMethodAnderson, T. R., Gentleman, W. C., & Sinha, B. (2010) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2010.06.003 · Cited by 104
Banas, N. S. (2011) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.05.018 · Cited by 109
“Hansen et al. (1997) report that ε ≈ 0.3 for a wide range of zooplankton, and that it does not appear to vary allometrically.”
BackgroundInfluentialVargas, C. A., & González, H. E. (2004) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame034151 · Cited by 102
“A Q10 = 2.8 was used to eliminate temperature differences among experiments (Hansen et al. 1997).”
MethodInfluentialSeuthe, L., Iversen, K. R., & Narcy, F. (2010) · Polar Biology · doi:10.1007/s00300-010-0930-9 · Cited by 101
“Therefore, the growth rate of tintinnids was assumed to have been 0.38 d-1 at 5 C (Hansen and Jensen 2000) and corrected to in situ temperatures with a Q10 of 2.8 (Hansen et al. 1997), for further calculations of the production and grazing rate of heterotrophic ciliates.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmall-scale turbulence, marine snow formation, and planktivorous feeding
Kiørboe, T. (1997) · Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) · Cited by 100
The importance of small-sized copepods in a frontal area of the Aegean Sea
Zervoudaki, S., Christou, E. D., Nielsen, T. G., Siokou-Frangou, I., Assimakopoulou, G., Giannakourou, A., Maar, M., Pagou, Κ., Krasakopoulou, Ε., Christaki, U., et al. (2007) · Journal of Plankton Research · doi:10.1093/plankt/fbm018 · Cited by 100
Strom, S. (2002) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1023/a:1021224832646 · Cited by 100
“The high potential population growth rates of protist grazers (summarized by Hansen et al., 1997 ) are an alternative and oft-cited means for promoting coupling between the grazing capacity of these populations and the growth rates of their phytoplankton prey (e.g.”
BackgroundAtkinson, A., & Ward, P. (2012) · NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) · Cited by 99
Davis, K. A., Banas, N. S., Giddings, S. N., Siedlecki, S. A., MacCready, P., Lessard, E. J., Kudela, R. M., & Hickey, B. M. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1002/2014jc010248 · Cited by 99
Yoo, Y. D., Jeong, H. J., Kim, M. S., Kang, N. S., Song, J. Y., Shin, W., Kim, K. Y., & Lee, K. (2009) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2009.00421.x · Cited by 99
Winter–spring dynamics in sea-ice carbon cycling in the coastal Arctic Ocean
Riedel, A., Michel, C., Gosselin, M., & Leblanc, B. (2008) · Journal of Marine Systems · doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.01.003 · Cited by 98
Boenigk, J., Stadler, P., Wiedlroither, A., & Hahn, M. W. (2004) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.70.10.5787-5793.2004 · Cited by 98
“In general, the scaling exponent has been estimated to be approximately 0.25 or somewhat less for a wide range of planktonic organisms including flagellates ( 21 , 22).”
BackgroundInfluentialRetention of plankton within ocean eddies
Condie, S. A., & Condie, R. (2016) · Global Ecology and Biogeography · doi:10.1111/geb.12485 · Cited by 98
Light-aided digestion, grazing and growth in herbivorous protists
Strom, S. (2001) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame023253 · Cited by 96
“While these rates are generally assumed to represent physiological maxima (e.g. Banse 1982, Hansen et al. 1997), my results show that such experiments can underestimate rates achievable in the light.”
BackgroundJeong, H. J., Kim, J. S., Yoo, Y. D., Kim, S. T., Kim, T., Park, M. G., LEE, C. H., Seong, K. A., Rang, N. S., & Shim, J. H. (2003) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00134.x · Cited by 94
The Protozooplankton–Ichthyoplankton Trophic Link: An Overlooked Aspect of Aquatic Food Webs1
Montagnes, D. J. S., Dower, J. F., & de Figueiredo, G. M. (2010) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2010.00476.x · Cited by 94
Jellyfish Body Plans Provide Allometric Advantages beyond Low Carbon Content
Pitt, K. A., Duarte, C. M., Lucas, C. H., Sutherland, K. R., Condon, R. H., Mianzan, H. W., Purcell, J. E., Robinson, K. L., & Uye, S.-I. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072683 · Cited by 94
Gentleman, W. C., & Neuheimer, A. B. (2008) · Journal of Plankton Research · doi:10.1093/plankt/fbn078 · Cited by 94
de Figueiredo, G. M., & Vianna, T. M. P. (2018) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.020 · Cited by 93
Kim, J., & Jeong, H. J. (2004) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps280085 · Cited by 93
“Gyrodinium dominans used in the present study has a higher maximum growth rate when feeding on Prorocentrum minimum (1.13 d–1) than for any other prey so far reported (Table 3), when corrected to 20°C using Q10 = 2.8 (Hansen et al. 1997).”
MethodInfluentialJeong, H. J., KIM, S. K., Kim, J. S., KIM, S. T., Yoo, Y. D., & YOON, J. Y. (2001) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00318.x · Cited by 93
Effects of high pH on a natural marine planktonic community
Pedersen, F., & Hansen, P. J. (2003) · Marine Ecology Progress Series · doi:10.3354/meps260019 · Cited by 92
Self-citationFeeding by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Protoperidinium bipes on the diatom Skeletonema costatum
Jeong, H. J., Yoo, Y. D., Kim, S., & Kang, N. (2004) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame036171 · Cited by 91
“The maximum volume-specific clearance rate of Protoperidinium bipes feeding on Skeletonema costatum obtained in this study (5.4 × 106 h–1) was higher than that of any other heterotrophic protists so far reported (Hansen et al. 1997).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSmalley, G. W., & Coats, D. W. (2002) · Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00343.x · Cited by 90
“Feeding data were corrected for temperature differences using a Q10 of 2.8 (Hansen, Bjørnsen, and Hansen 1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialReigstad, M., Carroll, J., Slagstad, D., Ellingsen, I. H., & Wassmann, P. F. J. (2011) · Progress In Oceanography · doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2011.02.005 · Cited by 90
Architecture, ecology and biogeochemistry of Phaeocystis colonies
Hamm, C. E. (2000) · Journal of Sea Research · doi:10.1016/s1385-1101(00)00014-9 · Cited by 89
Size-structured planktonic ecosystems: constraints, controls and assembly instructions
Poulin, F., & Franks, P. J. S. (2010) · Journal of Plankton Research · doi:10.1093/plankt/fbp145 · Cited by 89
“If we further assume the zooplankton grazing rate is size-dependent (e.g. Hansen and Christoffersen, 1995; Hansen et al., 1997), the zooplankton spectrum at equilibrium is approximately Z rso ¼ c 2eg 1 þ c eg 2 c3 c em 4 þ c5 c6 : ð25Þ This yields a zooplankton spectral slope close to em2eg when c4 c5, c3 c6 and c2 c1.”
BackgroundInfluentialYoo, Y. D., Seong, K. A., Jeong, H. J., Yih, W., Rho, J., Nam, S. W., & Kim, H. S. (2017) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2017.07.012 · Cited by 89
“3 with a correction of ingestion rates using Q10 = 2.8 (Hansen et al., 1997).”
MethodInfluentialA size-resolved pelagic ecosystem model
Baird, M. E., & Suthers, I. M. (2007) · Ecological Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.11.025 · Cited by 92
Metadata
- Authors
- Hansen, P. J., Bjørnsen, P. K., & Hansen, B. W.
- Affiliations
- Roskilde University (DK)
- Venue
- Limnology and Oceanography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-06
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 687-704
- ISSN
- 0024-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-5590
- OpenAlex
- W2105615541
- Cited by
- 764
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 8.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Limnology and Oceanography (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Keywords
- zooplankton grazing, zooplankton growth, body size scaling, clearance rate, ingestion rate, functional response, ciliates, dinoflagellates, Calanoida, Cladocera, rotifers, size-selective predation
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