The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle flux in the ocean's twilight zone
Open accessAbstract
The downward flux of particulate organic carbon (POC) decreases significantly in the oceanÂs mesopelagic or ‘twilight’ zone due both to abiotic processes and metabolism by resident biota. Bacteria and zooplankton solubilize and consume POC to support their metabolism, but the relative importance of bacteria vs. zooplankton in the consumption of sinking particles in the twilight zone is unknown. We compared losses of sinking POC, using differences in export flux measured by neutrally buoyant sediment traps at a range of depths, with bacteria and zooplankton metabolic requirements at the Hawaii Ocean Time‐series station ALOHA in the subtropical Pacific and the Japanese times‐series site K2 in the subarctic Pacific. Integrated (150‐1,000 m) mesopelagic bacterial C demand exceeded that of zooplankton by up to 3‐fold at ALOHA, while bacteria and zooplankton required relatively equal amounts of POC at K2. However, sinking POC flux was inadequate to meet metabolic demands at either site. Mesopelagic bacterial C demand was 3‐ to 4‐fold (ALOHA), and 10‐fold (K2) greater than the loss of sinking POC flux, while zooplankton C demand was 1‐ to 2‐fold (ALOHA), and 3‐ to 9‐fold (K2) greater (using our ‘middle’ estimate conversion factors to calculate C demand). Assuming the particle flux estimates are accurate, we posit that this additional C demand must be met by diel vertical migration of zooplankton feeding at the surface and by carnivory at depth—with both processes ultimately supplying organic C to mesopelagic bacteria. These pathways need to be incorporated into biogeochemical models that predict global C sequestration in the deep sea.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Archaeal dominance in the mesopelagic zone of the Pacific Ocean
Karner, M. B., DeLong, E. F., & Karl, D. M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35054051 · Cited by 1,592
Self-citationFuhrman, J. A., & Azam, F. (1982) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00397184 · Cited by 1,401
Major role of bacteria in biogeochemical fluxes in the ocean's interior
Cho, B. C., & Azam, F. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/332441a0 · Cited by 773
Annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea
Carlson, C. A., Ducklow, H. W., & Michaels, A. F. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/371405a0 · Cited by 699
Revisiting Carbon Flux Through the Ocean's Twilight Zone
Buesseler, K. O., Lamborg, C. H., Boyd, P. W., Lam, P. J., Trull, T. W., Bidigare, R. R., Bishop, J. K. B., Casciotti, K. L., Dehairs, F., Elskens, M., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1137959 · Cited by 642
Self-citationSteinberg, D. K., Carlson, C. A., Bates, N. R., Goldthwait, S. A., Madin, L. P., & Michaels, A. F. (2000) · Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers · doi:10.1016/s0967-0637(99)00052-7 · Cited by 512
Self-citationMetabolic rates of epipelagic marine zooplankton as a function of body mass and temperature
Ikeda, T. (1985) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00396409 · Cited by 370
14C activity of dissolved organic carbon fractions in the north-central Pacific and Sargasso Sea
Bauer, J. E., Williams, P. M., & Druffel, E. R. M. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/357667a0 · Cited by 344
Lampitt, R. S., Wishner, K. F., Turley, C. M., & Angel, M. V. (1993) · Marine Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00355486 · Cited by 317
Experimental determination of the organic carbon flux from open-ocean surface waters
Emerson, S., Quay, P., Karl, D., Winn, C., Tupas, L., & Landry, M. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/40111 · Cited by 312
Self-citation
Cited by
Multi-faceted particle pumps drive carbon sequestration in the ocean
Boyd, P. W., Claustre, H., Levy, M., Siegel, D. A., & Weber, T. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1098-2 · Cited by 894
Self-citationPlankton networks driving carbon export in the oligotrophic ocean
Guidi, L., Chaffron, S., Bittner, L., Eveillard, D., Larhlimi, A., Roux, S., Darzi, Y., Audic, S., Berline, L., Brum, J. R., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16942 · Cited by 870
Buesseler, K. O., & Boyd, P. W. (2009) · Limnology and Oceanography · doi:10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1210 · Cited by 508
Self-citationEddy-driven subduction exports particulate organic carbon from the spring bloom
Omand, M. M., D’Asaro, E. A., Lee, C. M., Perry, M. J., Briggs, N., Cetinić, I., & Mahadevan, A. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1260062 · Cited by 447
Reconciliation of the carbon budget in the ocean’s twilight zone
Giering, S. L. C., Sanders, R., Lampitt, R. S., Anderson, T. R., Tamburini, C., Boutrif, M., Zubkov, M. V., Marsay, C. M., Henson, S. A., Saw, K., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13123 · Cited by 411
Metadata
- Authors
- Steinberg, D. K., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Buesseler, K. O., Boyd, P. W., Kobari, T., & Karl, D. M.
- Venue
- Limnology and Oceanography
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1327-1338
- ISSN
- 0024-3590 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-5590
- OpenAlex
- W2129988190
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 13.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle flux in the ocean's twilight zone. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1327
- The paper
- Steinberg, D. K., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Buesseler, K. O., Boyd, P. W., Kobari, T., & Karl, D. M. (2008). Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle flux in the ocean's twilight zone. Limnology and Oceanography. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2008.53.4.1327
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
