Panthera and the Rape of Miriam in the Medieval Toledot Yeshu
Abstract
Amulo was one of the first Christian writers who actually read rabbinic literature and soon after this corpus of rabbinic texts would provide another target for Christian anti-Judaism. 1 Fixation on rabbinic texts was particularly prevalent in France, the land Amulo called home. Christian governments censored references to Panthera in the Tosefta and Talmuds: most extant manuscripts of rabbinic literature are from the time after the intense period of Catholic censorship during the thirteenth century. 2 This censorship required Jewish scribes to omit or revise portions of texts that Catholic censors deemed offensive, especially the references to Yeshu son of Panthera.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
No citation lists for this paper
- Authors
- Zeichmann, C. B.
- Corresponding author
- Zeichmann, Christopher B.
- Venue
- The Panthera Legend and the Conception of Jesus
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2026-06-22
- Pages
- 43-62
- OpenAlex
- W7165554083
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Religion, Theology, History, Judaism, Christianity
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Classics › Medieval Literature and History
- Keywords
- Panthera, Toledot Yeshu, Christian anti-Judaism, rabbinic literature, Tosefta, Talmud, Catholic censorship, medieval Jewish-Christian relations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
