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Coming to Terms with Chance: Engaging Rational Discrimination and Cumulative Disadvantage
Abstract
The application of probability and statistics to an ever-widening number of life-decisions serves to reproduce, reinforce, and widen disparities in the quality of life that different groups of people can enjoy. As a critical technology assessment, the ways in which bad luck early in life increase the probability that hardship and loss will accumulate across the life course are illustrated. Analysis shows the ways in which individual decisions, informed by statistical models, shape the opportunities people face in both market and non-market environments. Ultimately, this book challenges the actuarial logic and instrumental rationalism that drives public policy and emphasizes the role that the mass media play in justifying its expanded use. Although its arguments and examples take as their primary emphasis the ways in which these decision systems affect the life chances of African-Americans, the findings are also applicable to a broad range of groups burdened by discrimination.
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“when variables used in machine learning models to make predictions about or classify people -such as quali fi cations, work history, or criminal record -are already shaped by structural discrimination (Custers et al . 2012; Barocas & Selbst 2016; Gandy 2016).”
From Human Judgment in algorithmic loops: Individual justice and automated decision‐making (2022) · cites this paper as Gandy 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- Gandy, O. H.
- Corresponding author
- Gandy, Oscar H.
- ORCID
- Gandy, Oscar H.
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2016-05-23
- OpenAlex
- W4241465173
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Keywords
- chance, public policy, mass media, discrimination, African Americans, life chances
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
