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The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity in National and International Policy Making
Abstract
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study is a major international initiative drawing attention to local, national and global economic benefits of biodiversity, to highlight the growing costs of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation, the benefits of investing in natural capital, and to draw together expertise from the fields of science, economics and policy to enable practical actions. Drawing on a team of more than one hundred authors and reviewers, this book demonstrates the value of ecosystems and biodiversity to the economy, society and individuals. It underlines the urgency of strategic policy making and action at national and international levels, and presents a rich evidence base of policies and instruments in use around the world and a wide range of innovative solutions. It highlights the need for new public policy to reflect the appreciation that public goods and social benefits are often overlooked and that we need a transition to decision making which integrates the many values of nature across policy sectors. It explores the range of instruments to reward those offering ecosystem service benefits, such as water provision and climate regulation. It looks at fiscal and regulatory instruments to reduce the incentives of those running down our natural capital, and at reforming subsidies such that they respond to current and future priorities. The authors also consider two major areas of investment in natural capital - protected areas and investment in restoration. Overall the book underlines the needs and ways to transform our approach to natural capital, and demonstrates how we can practically take into account the value of ecosystems and biodiversity in policy decisions - at national and international levels - to promote the protection of our environment and contribute to a sustainable economy and to the wellbeing of societies.
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Simon, D., & Adam‐Bradford, A. (2016) · Water science and technology library · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28112-4_5 · Cited by 26
“…and disease control); habitat services (e.g., nutrient dispersal and cycling/seed dispersal/primary production) and cultural services (e.g., cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration/recreational experiences/ecotourism/scientifi c discovery) (ten Brink 2011 ; Elmqvist et al. 2013b ).”
BackgroundMehring, M., Zajonz, U., & Hummel, D. (2017) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su9071037 · Cited by 26
Ruso, G. E., Morrissey, C. A., Hogan, N., Sheedy, C., Gallant, M. J., & Jardine, T. D. (2019) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4598 · Cited by 26
Effective restoration of aquatic ecosystems: scaling the barriers
Friberg, N. R., Buijse, A. D., Carter, C., Hering, D., Spears, B. M., Verdonschot, P. F. M., & Moe, T. F. (2016) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1190 · Cited by 28
“This is much more controversial, as it evidently affects the interests of multiple shareholders and stakeholders.(14,15) Therefore, the implementation of more recent environmental quality targets, such as those specified by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the EU or the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, has encountere…”
BackgroundBetting against Human Ingenuity: The Perils of the Economic Valuation of Nature's Services
Kronenberg, J. (2015) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biv135 · Cited by 22
TEEB emerging at the country level: Challenges and opportunities
Hedden-Dunkhorst, B., Braat, L., & Wittmer, H. (2015) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2015.03.007 · Cited by 22
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“Green infrastructure can be defined as the distribution of natural capital that benefits society through the provision of ecosystem services (TEEB, 2010), which may take the form of climate regulation, water purification, and space for recreation.”
BackgroundElsasser, P., Altenbrunn, K., Köthke, M., et al. (2021) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f12020169 · Cited by 20
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Mobilizing Private Finance for Nature
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Natural Hazards Mitigation Services of Carbon-Rich Ecosystems
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Wetlands Cool Land Surface Temperature in Tropical Regions but Warm in Boreal Regions
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Recognizing Economic Values of Wetland Ecosystem Services
Kumar, D., & Choudhury, M. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119692621.ch5 · Cited by 19
Ecosystem Services Analysis for the Design of Regenerative Urban Built Environments
Zari, M. P. (2012) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17000722 · Cited by 20
Introduction to the Special Issue
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“Given the interest that the idea of ecosystem services has attracted in the policy arena (ten Brink, 2011) it may also provide a focus for integrated, cross-sectoral forms of decision-making.”
BackgroundThe future Dutch Environment and Planning Act in light of the ecosystem approach
Graaf, D. K., Platjouw, F. M., & Tolsma, H. D. (2017) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.12.018 · Cited by 17
Assessment of Ecosystem Services of Wetlands of the Volga–Akhtuba Floodplain
Belyaev, A. I., Pugacheva, А. М., & Korneeva, E. A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141811240 · Cited by 17
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Trovato, M. R., Micalizzi, P., & Giuffrida, S. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13105707 · Cited by 17
Information content of global ecosystem service databases and their suitability for decision advice
Schmidt, S., & Seppelt, R. (2018) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.05.007 · Cited by 15
Hedonic valuation of harmful algal bloom pollution: Why econometrics matters?
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The Policy Context: Building Laws and Rules that Embrace Novelty
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Policy Mixes to Achieve Absolute Decoupling: An Ex Ante Assessment
Watkins, E. D., ten Brink, P., Schweitzer, J.-P., Rogissart, L., & Nesbit, M. (2016) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su8060528 · Cited by 12
Self-citationHussain, S., Markandya, A., Brander, L., McVittie, A., de Groot, R. S., Vardakoulias, O., Wagtendonk, A. J., & Verburg, P. H. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139600484.004 · Cited by 11
CONCEITOS E DEFINIÇÕES CORRELATOS À CIÊNCIA E À PRÁTICA DA RESTAURAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA
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“In fact, tourism firms are often not actively engaged in contributing to landscape or nature conservation targets (e.g. Aapala et al., 2017; Mäntymaa et al., 2021; Brink, 2011).”
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A Green Concept of Economic Growth and Development
Adamowicz, M. (2022) · Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne · doi:10.2478/ers-2022-0011 · Cited by 9
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Geospatial Insights into Greece’s Desertification Vulnerability: A Composite Indicator Approach
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Hulme, P. E., & Vilà, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_21 · Cited by 9
Planting Trees for Publicity—How Much Are They Worth?
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“The recent surge of interest in climate change [3], and the resulting increase in environmental awareness [4], exposed some of those services to the general public [5-7].”
BackgroundBreaking the ecosystem services glass ceiling: realising impact
Patenaude, G., Lautenbach, S., Paterson, J., Locatelli, T., Dormann, C. F., Metzger, M. J., & Walz, A. (2019) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-018-1434-3 · Cited by 8
“The activities driving this field internationally include the MA (2005a), TEEB (Kumar 2010; ten Brink 2011) and more recently, the IPBES (2015) and the WAVES partnership ( 2017).”
BackgroundSTUDIES ON THE CULTURAL ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN MALACCA CITY
Rosehan, N. S., Abas, A., & Aiyub, K. (2020) · PLANNING MALAYSIA · doi:10.21837/pm.v18i12.749 · Cited by 8
The Economic Feedbacks of Loss of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services
Markandya, A. (2015) · OECD environment working papers · doi:10.1787/5jrqgv610fg6-en · Cited by 8
“A more comprehensive set of background papers and sectoral and country studies have been undertaken since (Russi et al., 2013; McVittie and Hussain, 2013; TEEB, 2013).6 A good reference to the economic valuation of ecosystems that was undertaken as part of the TEEB exercise is ten Brink (2011).”
BackgroundWho is Afraid of Biodiversity? Proposal for a Research Agenda for Environmental History
van Goethem, T., & van Zanden, J. L. (2018) · Environment and History · doi:10.3197/096734018x15254461646440 · Cited by 7
Hussey, K. E., & Faunce, T. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316389553.029 · Cited by 7
Louail, A., Messner, F., Djellouli, Y., et al. (2022) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f13081159 · Cited by 6
“More than a billion people, including the world’s poorest, directly depend on forests for their livelihood [10,11].”
BackgroundFaith, D. P. (2014) · Australian Zoologist · doi:10.7882/az.2014.031 · Cited by 6
Short-term flooding in non-rice croplands provides stopover habitats for migrating waterbirds
Shimizu, T., Senzaki, M., Hori, S., et al. (2025) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2025.109504 · Cited by 5
The role of government social media in enhancing environmental governance
Chang, H., Li, Y., & Liu, M. (2024) · China Economic Journal · doi:10.1080/17538963.2023.2300865 · Cited by 5
“With increasing social media use by EPBs, citizens obtain access to useful information, and take part at different levels, on a wide range of environmental challenges such as pollution, over-exploitation of natural resources, climate change and biodiversity loss (Ten Brink 2011).”
BackgroundThe Concept of Ecosystem Services
Franchois, L. (2013) · Ecosystem Services · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-419964-4.00037-8 · Cited by 5
Green Cities: From Tokenism to Incrementalism and Transformation
Simon, D. (2016) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.56687/9781447332855-009 · Cited by 5
Economic Valuation as a Framework Incentive to Enforce Conservation
Mendes, I. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/50063 · Cited by 5
“[27] TEEB (2011).”
Biodiversity and ecosystem services in impact assessment : from components to services
Söderman, T. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 5
Shumka, S., Šanda, R., Dhora, D., et al. (2023) · Fish & fisheries series/Fish and fisheries series (Print) · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-36926-1_7 · Cited by 4
Sangiuliano, S. J. (2019) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2019.02.048 · Cited by 4
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES)
Michel, J., Kallweit, K., & von Pfeil, E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_233-1 · Cited by 4
Channelling investment into biodiversity conservation: ABS and PES schemes
Pavoni, R. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139344289.011 · Cited by 3
Ants as Indicators of Terrestrial Ecosystem Rehabilitation Processes
Sithole, H., & Tantsi, N. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.96722 · Cited by 3
Análise cienciométrica de espaços verdes urbanos e seus serviços ecossistêmicos
Tavares, F. S. B., Bergier, I., & Guaraldo, E. (2021) · Interações (Campo Grande) · doi:10.20435/inter.v22i1.2596 · Cited by 3
Transitioning to a Prosperous, Resilient and Carbon-Free Economy
Denis-Ryan, A., Jotzo, F., Graham, P., Hatfield–Dodds, S., Adams, P., Kelly, R., Ferraro, S., Jones, A., Skarbek, A., Thwaites, J., et al. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316389553 · Cited by 3
Ren, X., Yang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Land · doi:10.3390/land12091736 · Cited by 3
Kato, H., Kohzu, A., & Nishihiro, J. (2024) · Landscape and Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11355-024-00631-8 · Cited by 3
Efficiency Estimation Criteria of Agro-Industrial Systems in Post-Industrial Economy
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Paillet, Y., & Bouleau, G. (2016) · VertigO · doi:10.4000/vertigo.17630 · Cited by 3
“Comme de nombreux services ne peuvent être directement quantifiés (Egoh et al. 2012), des indicateurs ont été utilisés pour évaluer, de manière directe ou indirecte, des quantités de services rendus par les écosystèmes (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005 ; ten Brink et al., 2011).”
Social Ecology State of the Art and Future Prospects
Kramm, J., Zimmermann, M., Pichler, M., & Schaffartzik, A. (2017) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-547-2 · Cited by 2
A review of ecosystem restoration: Progress and prospects of domestic and abroad
Li, F., Cheng, C., & Yang, R. (2022) · Biodiversity Science · doi:10.17520/biods.2022519 · Cited by 3
MacKinnon, K. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118338117.ch3 · Cited by 3
Environmental Impact Assessment for Socio-Economic Analysis of Chemicals: Principles and Practice
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Pascual, U., Jackson, L. E., & Drucker, A. G. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822562-2.00221-8 · Cited by 3
Integrating ecosystem services into urban planning in Ethiopia
Abdeta, T., Lirebo, D., & Girma, Y. (2025) · Discover Environment · doi:10.1007/s44274-025-00471-9 · Cited by 2
Tolentino, O., Garcı́a-Frapolli, E., Porter‐Bolland, L., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Environment & Development · doi:10.1177/1070496514565460 · Cited by 2
Improving the Governance of Governments
Coghill, K., Norman, B., Smith, T. B., Neesham, C., & Kinyondo, A. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316389553.030 · Cited by 2
Securing Multiple Values of Wetlands: Policy-Based Instruments
ten Brink, P., Russi, D., & Farmer, A. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9659-3_299 · Cited by 2
Self-citationEtowa, E. B., Effa, E. B., Nzogbu, U. I., et al. (2022) · Journal of Land and Rural Studies · doi:10.1177/23210249221093448 · Cited by 2
“It has also proven useful in the debates about the economic value of the ecosystem (ten Brink, 2011).”
BackgroundMethodOrosz, G., & Barczi, A. (2019) · Tájökológiai Lapok · doi:10.56617/tl.3518 · Cited by 2
Ausgewählte Steuerungsansätze zum Schutz und zur nachhaltigen Nutzung von ÖSD und Biodiversität
Grunewald, K., & Bastian, O. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-8274-2987-2_5 · Cited by 2
Biodiversity Policy Response Indicators
Winkle, C. V., Karousakis, K., Bark, R. H., et al. (2015) · OECD environment working papers · doi:10.1787/5jrxd8j24fbv-en · Cited by 2
Ramsey Discounting of Ecosystem ServicesPreprint
Baumggrtner, S., Klein, A., Thiel, D., et al. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2315498 · Cited by 2
Ecosystem Services Analysis for the Design of Regenerative Urban Built Environments
Zari, M. P. (2012) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.17000722.v1 · Cited by 2
Ökonomische Inwertsetzung zur Erhaltung des Naturkapitals
Hansjürgens, B., & Furtak, S. (2025) · SDG - Forschung, Konzepte, Lösungsansätze zur Nachhaltigkeit · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-47206-1_3 · Cited by 1
Urban expansion and habitat loss reshaped Ardeidae communities in peri-urban wetlands of India
Naskar, A., & Maheswaran, G. (2025) · Urban Ecosystems · doi:10.1007/s11252-025-01845-w · Cited by 1
Li, M., Huang, S., Cui, Y., et al. (2026) · Land · doi:10.3390/land15040601 · Cited by 1
“Future work should establish a classification system tailored to China’s moun-tainous and transitional zones by integrating frameworks like TEEB [51] and CICES [52] with the unique ecological conditions of mountain ecosystems.”
Value of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in South Asia and India: Past, Present and Future
Markandya, A. (2015) · India studies in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2541-6_15 · Cited by 1
D’Amato, D. (2016) · Dissertationes Forestales · doi:10.14214/df.221 · Cited by 2
“In the 2000s, the concept was further popularized by the MA (2005) and followup international initiatives, such as ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity’ (TEEB, 2012, 2011, 2010).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEcosystems and Biodiversity: Economic Loss of Ecosystem Services from 1900 to 2050
Markandya, A., & Chiabai, A. (2013) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139225793.006 · Cited by 1
“Around 60 percent of global ecosystem services have been degraded in just 50 years (ten Brink, 2011).”
Methodische Defizite der Umweltbewertung im Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2030
Meya, J. N., Droste, N., & Klauer, B. (2016) · WASSERWIRTSCHAFT · doi:10.1007/s35147-016-0168-8 · Cited by 1
“Während die Umweltökonomik in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten große Fortschritte in der Erfassung und Bewertung von Umweltgütern sowie Ökosystemdienstleistungen gemacht hat [4], berücksichtigt das neue Bewertungsverfahren des BVWP 2030 – wie bereits die vorangegangen Bundesverkehrswegepläne 2003 und 1992 [5] – die Umwelt…”
BackgroundBai, X., Baynes, T., Webb, R. J., Ryan, C., & Smith, M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316389553.016 · Cited by 1
Blackhall, L., Franklin, E., Sturmberg, B. C. P., Glushenkov, A. M., & Ransan‐Cooper, H. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316389553.010 · Cited by 1
Smith, M., Stasinopoulos, P., Pears, A., & Ahuja, E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316389553.020 · Cited by 2
Global Gain, but Local Loss—National Park and Municipal Revenues in Poland
Kachniarz, M. (2024) · Land · doi:10.3390/land13101636 · Cited by 1
Governing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Service Provision
Ring, I., & Schröter‐Schlaack, C. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44143-5_5 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- ten Brink, P.
- Corresponding author
- Patrick ten Brink
- Venue
- Routledge eBooks
- Publisher
- Routledge
- Published
- 2012-09-10
- OpenAlex
- W1502586491
- Cited by
- 262
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 29.91
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy
- Keywords
- TEEB, ecosystem services, biodiversity, natural capital, biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation, environmental policy, policy instruments, protected areas, ecological restoration, water supply, climate regulation, public goods, sustainable economy
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