Affective polarization in Europe
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Affective polarization is harder to measure in multiparty systems, as is the case in many European countries.
“Part of this is because affective polarization is harder to measure in multiparty systems, as is the case in many European countries (Reiljan 2025; Wagner 2024).”
From Computational Social Science of Social Cohesion and Polarization (2026) · cites this paper as Reiljan 2025
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Computational Social Science of Social Cohesion and Polarization
Keijzer, M. A., Lorenz, J., & Bojanowski, M. (2026) · Computational Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01373-6_1
- Authors
- Reiljan, A.
- Corresponding author
- Reiljan, Andres
- ORCID
- Reiljan, Andres
- Venue
- Handbook of Affective Polarization
- Publisher
- Edward Elgar Publishing
- Published
- 2025-07-08
- Pages
- 118-135
- OpenAlex
- W4412971437
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6
- FWCI
- 68.53
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Populism, Right-Wing Movements
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › European Union Policy and Governance
- Keywords
- affective polarization, political attitudes, affect, partisanship, European politics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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