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Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of Jean Bodin and Johannes Kepler
Open accessAbstract
This paper explores Harmonice Mundi as a political text and considers the influence on Kepler of the French political theorist Jean Bodin (1530–1596). Both Bodin and Kepler subscribed to the political cosmology inherited from Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics, and elaborated in detail by Claudius Ptolemy, in which the terrestrial state was part of a wider entity including the celestial spheres and the use of the planets to identify changes in the quality of time and fluctuations in natural influences. Both sought to remedy failures in contemporary astrology and create a new and empirical discipline which could avert future crises by predicting them. The paper examines Bodin’s theories and then locates the work of both him and Kepler as attempts to establish ways to create stability in the unstable politics of the post-Reformation era, and contextualises Kepler’s attempts to delineate the perfect state as utopian.
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TL;DR
This paper argues that Johannes Kepler’s *Harmonice Mundi* (1619) is a political text shaped by Jean Bodin’s reformed political cosmology, in which astrology and planetary cycles were to be purged of error and used to preserve order. It situates Bodin and Kepler as post-Reformation reformers whose cosmic states aimed at stability, with Kepler’s perfect state understood as utopian.
Key findings
- Bodin sought political stability amid the French wars of religion and treated astrology as reformable rather than abandonable; he rejected the zodiac because precession had shifted the constellations by an estimated 17° since Augustus, though he wrongly assumed a rate of about 1° every 94 years against the true 1° every 72 years.
- Bodin organised history into three 2,000-year epochs within a 6,000-year world, from creation in 4000 BCE to 2000 CE, and linked three climatic zones/peoples to planetary rulers: Saturn for the southern contemplative zone, Jupiter for the temperate political zone, and Mars for the northern inventive/warlike zone.
- Kepler was influenced by Bodin, devoted a chapter of *Harmonice Mundi* to critiquing Bodin’s harmonic philosophy of history, and followed him in keeping astrology’s “hard kernel” while rejecting its “nonsense”; he used repetition of planetary configurations, citing the 1572 St Bartholomew’s Day massacre under Mars conjunct Saturn and the 1596 capture of Eger under Mars opposed to Jupiter, and expected recurrence in 1602.
- Both proposed a four-stage method: examine past political–planetary correlations, predict future crisis periods, warn politicians, and implement policy; Kepler’s cosmic state would manage dissent by reform where possible but propaganda and repression if necessary.
Methods
- Intellectual history and textual analysis of Bodin’s *Method* (1566), *Six Books of the Commonwealth/Republic* (1576), and related works, alongside Kepler’s *Harmonice Mundi* (1619), *Tertius Interveniens*, 1601 astrology text, 1618 predictions, and letters.
- The paper contextualises both thinkers within Platonic, Aristotelian, Stoic, and Ptolemaic political cosmology and post-Reformation politics, comparing their programmes for reforming astrology and using it to secure political order.
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper.
- Evident from the text: the argument relies on translated and sometimes abridged primary editions (e.g., Tooley’s abridged *Republic* excludes the astrological chapter), and the provided text contains OCR/transcription gaps and garbled passages, limiting verification of some claims.
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Claims the paper makes
69 Own interpretation · 53 Sources not found · 22 No basis given · 4 Not checked yet
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In the paper
“The principle was that, if a particular planetary configuration coincided with a certain kind of event, a similar event might be expected the next time that the same configuration, or a similar one, occurred.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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In the paper
“the young Kepler devoted an entire chapter of the Harmonice Mundi to a critique of Bodin's harmonic philosophy of history.112”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“Kepler, though, did follow Bodin in criticising the body of astrological tradition.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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In the paper
“In fact, it was Bodin who was wrong, apparently assuming a rate of precession of approximately one degree every ninety-four years as against the true rate, measured by Ptolemy, of one degree every seventy-two years.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
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In the paper
“Kepler's psychological theory was derived from interpretations of Aristotle's De Anima as articulated influentially by Thomas Aquinas”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“It was partly revived in the twentieth century, notably by the French astrologer, André Barbault.137”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
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“The other is that part of the mechanism by which it worked was collective psychology, drawing directly on classical antecedents in which the motion of the planets stirs up the irrational levels of the soul”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“Bodin's work was an intellectual bridge between the medieval and modern worlds.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Jean Bodin: life and work
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In the paper
“Medieval and Renaissance astrology depended on five distinct narratives.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
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In the paper
“Kepler and Bodin shared the belief that, modernised and purged of its medieval dogma, astrology offered a valuable tool for managing the state and preserving political order.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
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In the paper
“For example, writing in 1601 he observed that the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in Paris in 1572 took place when Mars was conjunct Saturn, while the castle at Eger in Hungary was captured by the Turks in 1596 (a highly significant event at the time, the region being part of the contested border between Christian and Islamic Europe) when Mars was opposed to Jupiter.129”
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“If the magistrate has unfettered authority to govern without laws, and neither observes is natural justice nor plays the part of a good and blameless man, he will not be a magistrate but a tyrant.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“Further, he continued, the state must be based on the rule of law:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“There are only two references to natal horoscopes in either the Method or the Republic; both refer to planetary position in terms of diurnal motion, such as the rising of Mars, rather than in terms of the zodiac.63”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
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“Kepler himself wrote of Bodin's demonstration that 'God the creator has embellished this work of his by joining the ratios of equal and of similar in one concerted harmony' that 'I agree with his purpose'”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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In the paper
“He then looked forward to a series of four planetary configurations in 1602, a solar eclipse at 3 degrees of Capricorn, a sextile (60 degree separation) between Mars and Saturn, a conjunction of Mars and Jupiter (similar to 1569) and a conjunction of Mars and Saturn (the same as in 1572).”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“Aquinas considered that the 'Active Intellect' was equivalent to the Christian soul”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“whereas the active soul, on the other hand, is 'occupied in activity … (is subject) to the will of man … (and) operates outside itself … adapting its operations to the proportions, or bringing the proportions into them'.128”
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“And since the number of good leaders in a city is extremely small, it is not sensible for the state to expose itself to this danger every time a new magistrate is appointed.117”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“A later example occurs in Kepler's predictions for 1618.He wrote that May 1618: Has very dangerous aspects, as five planets gather together in Taurus, four of which advance from a Sextile to a Quintile with Jupiter.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“He added, 'man is ordered in regard to his body under the celestial bodies, in regard to his intellect under the angels, and in regard to his will under God'.126”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“Of course acts of choice and movements of the will are controlled by God.And human intellectual knowledge is ordered by God through the mediation of the angels.Whereas matters pertinent to bodily things, whether they are internal or external, when they come within the use of man, are governed by God by means of the angels and the celestial bodies .125”
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“'These remedies', he wrote, 'are always in our power, however things may happen, and nothing is absolutely predetermined'.131”
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“Bodin demonstrates harmonic proportion in those laws which avenge the first commission of a misdeed equally with a light fine in all cases, as if to serve as a warning, which afterwards punish second offenders more severely, and those who offend a third time still more severely, and which finally sentence them to death.”
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“In March 1598 he wrote to Maestlin, 'I am a Lutheran astrologer, I throw away the nonsense and keep the hard kernel'”
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“'The city whose home is the idea...can be found nowhere in earth...', he wrote, and exists only 'in a pattern...laid up in heaven for him who wishes to contemplate it'.144”
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In the paper
“One is that it contained a core of demonstrable truth -its 'hard kernel'.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“On the one hand he set out in great detail the rules and regulations by which his ideal republic could be managed by a virtuous, wise and self-aware elite in line with cosmological principles.143”
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“It is preferable for peace and quiet to prevail, and sedition is feared, let meetings not be held in August and September, or let them be broken up, or better yet, let the causes exasperating people's dispositions be taken quickly away, or by the introduction of some new deterrent, let their minds be changed.130”
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“The human being, however, with his soul and its lower powers, has such an affinity with the heavens, as does the surface of the Earth, and this has been tested and proven in many ways, of which each is a noble pearl of astrology, and is not to be rejected along with [all of] astrology, but to be diligently preserved and interpreted.122”
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“He also argued that Bodin's harmonic theory has a 'considerable usefulness in understanding the state'.116”
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“and assumed that the inferior part of the soul, the passive soul, is subject to planetary influence, but the superior, active soul, can negotiate with such influences, minimising associated difficulties and maximising the benefits.123”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“His conclusion was that: Experience shows that under these two conjunctions souls are generally stunned and frightened, or aroused in the expectation of revolts, and this fact is very significant for a multitude of people congregated in one place either for some undertaking or for destruction, as military experience testifies.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“He concluded that the soul (which we may see as equivalent to Plato's rational soul), was free from direct planetary influence, by relying on the interpretation of part of the rational soul in Aristotelian thought as the 'Active Intellect'.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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“In military terms, once problems had been foreseen, they could be guarded against by clear leadership, 'a great safeguard for the army lies in their loyalty to and high regard for their commander; for every victory depends on a driving force of the spirit'.133”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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In the paper
“These resulted in high-profile attacks on Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of Jean Bodin and Johannes Kepler astrology's credibility from both conservative Christian and humanist quarters, attacks to which astrology was obliged to respond.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
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In the paper
“And, to be helpful, astrology has to be accurate.Therefore, accuracy had to precede utility, and for astrology to be of benefit it had to have a demonstrable and measurable objective existence.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both Bodin and Kepler subscribed to the political cosmology inherited from Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics, and elaborated in detail by Claudius Ptolemy, in which the terrestrial state was part of a wider entity including the celestial spheres and the use of the planets to identify changes in the quality of time and fluctuations in natural influences.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Bodin's chief concern was sovereignty, the question of where political authority lay, if no longer in the person of the Feudal king or aristocrat: rather, the origin of the polity, he argued, is either in family or people.i.e., in either monarchy or commonwealth.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [52]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Bodin's new dispensation, stability could be preserved if the absolute power of the monarch was balanced by the protection of minority rights.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, while Bodin criticised both Ptolemaic astrology and Hermetic magic, he wanted to reform astrology, not abandon it.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Jean Bodin: life and work
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bodin's modernism was inextricably linked with his medievalism and, in order to understand his own world, his position as a founder of modern critical historical thought and political theory cannot be separated from his attempt to reform astrology, which he envisaged as an attempt to understand the correlation of significant terrestrial events with equally significant celestial events.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Jean Bodin: life and work
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In the sixteenth century, political theorists began to consider the concept and nature of the state itself, independent of the institution of monarchy, a development arising directly out of Renaissance humanism.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“In this aim he was profoundly influenced by the French political theorist, Jean Bodin (1530-96), who he quoted extensively, although not always in agreement.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, they both held to a medieval cosmology in which God's divine will could be communicated to terrestrial authorities via the stellar and planetary spheres.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bodin's goal was to discover the secret of stability in a politically unstable world, an ambition prompted by his experience of the uncertain times in which he lived.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In his 'Letter' on astrology, published in 1555, he wrote that astrology was 'the most beautiful science in the world' but that problems arose from its abuse, the word 'astrologer', he argued, becoming synonymous with that of 'sorcerer'.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [54]
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In the paper
“Johannes Kepler's Harmonice Mundi, published in 1619, in the wake of the schism between Roman Catholic and Protestant Christianity, is an attempt to describe the perfect Republic, the origins of which lie in a series of Platonic dialogues, chiefly the Republic, Timaeus and Laws.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [1]
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plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: The schism between Roman Catholic and Protestant Christianity was a significant context for Kepler's Harmonice Mundi.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a witness to the destructive impact of political faction on the state, Bodin set out to establish the system of law, economy and political rights and duties which were essential to the smooth running of a just society.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bearing in mind the instability of French politics of the time, Bodin was preoccupied with the nature of change between types of commonwealth, a topic of particular concern because change creates instability and instability, as the French wars of religion demonstrated, is dangerous: it is disharmonious.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bodin's reform of the state was to be accomplished within the framework of a reformed and rigorous political cosmology, including attention to the astrological numerology which was central to the classical harmonic model.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both sought to remedy failures in contemporary astrology and create a new and empirical discipline which could avert future crises by predicting them.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Socialism is one such example.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This, of course, was a clear paraphrase of Ptolemy's statement that 'they would never have devised certain means of averting or warding off…the universal and particular conditions that come or are present by reason of the ambient, if they had any idea that the future cannot be moved and changed'.132”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [132]
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However in the cyclical model, the final state can never be attained because of the constant change of conditions.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both Bodin and Kepler had a profound influence on later thought.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, he reasoned that even if the French ever managed to successfully invade England, they would be unable to impose their own political system which had evolved from conditions peculiar to France: political systems emerge in specific circumstances and it is impossible to transfer one country's system to another.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bodin's new astrology was to serve a direct political purpose, which was to help resolve the present religious wars and avoid future conflicts.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Kepler's research into astrology was the single most practical application of his astronomical and cosmological theory: to apply harmony for the benefit of all.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“The rejection of the zodiac extended to natal astrology.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [63]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Yet, Bodin reasoned, if astrology was in principle true, it should be possible to avoid such mistakes, a work which could only be accomplished by going back to first principles:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His premise was that, as the motion of the planets is mathematically and geometrically determined, number must be a prior cause to astrology.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“And if that was not enough, he rejected Copernican heliocentric theory as absurd and dismissed Copernicus' alleged belief that historical change depended on the eccentric motion of the Earth.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As Tooley commented, 'the fact that he based his doctrine of environment on a cosmological system which was on the point of being abandoned at the very time he was writing partially contributed to the oblivion which was the fate of this part of his work'.135”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [135]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both Bodin and Kepler were reformers, and founders of the modern world view, Bodin in the fields of jurisprudence, political science and historical theory, Kepler in astronomy.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Like many other sixteenth-century scholars, Bodin drew lessons from the great conjunction of 1524 when Mars, Jupiter and Saturn united at the tenth degree of Pisces.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Aside from astrology, Bodin's argument that the environment is crucial for understanding politics, aside from being a direct influence on Montesquieu, and his argument that toleration is justified by an understanding of nature would find a safe home In modern environmental politics.139”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [139]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Bodin also cited the Peloponnesian War as just one of many such events whose commencement coincided with a significant eclipse.82”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [82]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bodin and Kepler might all be said to have suffered from one of the deepest and most persistent features of western thought, one central to Christianity's obsession with other worlds, namely a profound dissatisfaction with the world and an existential discontent; a sense that life is a constant struggle with want, disease, oppression and injustice.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Following Bodin's pragmatism, Kepler's cosmic state would manage dissent by social and political reform where possible, but propaganda and repression if necessary.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The utopian paradigm in this sense is a work in progress.It has been called programmatic in that it sets the context for a political programme of improvement, with perfection as an eventual, often distant goal.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Aiton, Duncan and Field conclude that Bodin's theories 'fascinated Kepler, in spite of crucial differences'.113”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [113]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Bodin's work had clearly made an impact on Kepler, for he was quick to respond: although the Republic was published in 1576, a Latin edition did not appear until 1586 while the edition cited by Kepler appeared in 1591.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the other his perfect city was an Idea, with a capital 'i', that was functionally impossible to realise because human beings, being imperfect, would always destroy it.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and if the soul was therefore free from planetary influence, this could only be exerted via the body:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Max Scheler called it ressentiment.140”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [140]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The universal aspect of Harmony was embedded in astronomical cycles, as applied through astrology, which clearly required substantial reform if it was to perform the task of maintaining social and political harmony.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, as soon as a particular state is reached, it must give way to the next in the sequence.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Kepler, of course, had a huge impact on astronomy and Bodin's concern with environmental factors in politics was to influence Montesquieu, and would surely find a place in modern eco-politics.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“But such despair is balanced by the hope that somewhere, perhaps in the future, a better place, a paradise, a heaven or a new golden age, is waiting for us, ready to save us from the world and from ourselves.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“History itself was organised into three great epochs, each of 2,000 years, the world being 6,000 years old.87”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“The point about utopianism is that, in order to work, it has to be this-worldly.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The tragedy of Kepler's reformed political astrology is that, while it provided a significant motive for his remarkable work in mathematical astronomy, it died out when astrology's intellectual credibility collapsed in the latter part of the seventeenth-century.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
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In the paper
“The Harmonice Mundi is therefore more than a cosmological text: it is one of a series of responses to the political crisis in European culture following the Reformation, and deserves a place in the history of political thought in Europe,”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
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In the paper
“The mechanism was one in which the movements of the planets stir up the collective soul, and such disturbances then express themselves through political volatility, resulting in violent disturbance, following models found in both the Corpus Hemeticum and Aquinas.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
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In the paper
“Bodin regarded these attributions as both completely arbitrary and in contradiction of the available evidence:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [67]
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In the paper
“This formula actually provided an explanation for why astrological prediction might work in general circumstances but not specific ones:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In Bodin's historical scheme, the first epoch was ruled by Saturn, the second by Jupiter and the third by Mars.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
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In the paper
“Millenarianism prophesies that we will be saved, while utopianism provides solutions by which we may save ourselves.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The ultimate authority in all history was reserved for God: I have, however, a firm conviction that [astronomical] regions and celestial bodies do not have the power to exercise ultimate control (a belief wrong even to entertain), yet men are so much influenced by them that they cannot overcome the law of nature except through divine and or their own continued self-discipline.98”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“There are two ideologies associated with this constant interplay of pessimism and optimism.One is millenarianism, the belief that, sometime in the future, the world will be born again.The other is utopianism, the notion that human beings can themselves construct a perfect future.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
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In the paper
“On planetary conjunctions, he wrote: Wherein many greatly offend, who think that the power and influence of the celestial Spheres to be nothing, when as yet for all their strength and power has alwaies been most great and effectuall, not only upon these elements which we here see, and so upon all other forms of living creatures, but upon them also who also live like beasts, are sacred … and yet of”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
What the sources say
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In the paper
“Plato himself straddled the boundary between the possible and the impossible.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
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In the paper
“Perfection, though, remains an aspiration, and in working to attain it the difficult features of decline are mitigated and the positive features of improvement are enhanced.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Nevertheless, perfection -utopia -remains an aspiration.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Plato established the enduring paradox according to which the perfect city can never exist; yet, implicitly, if we have to contemplate it, there must be a reason to do so, and this reason can only be to inspire us to improve society.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
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In the paper
“However, Kepler shared Bodin's concern with the uncertainty in Europe at the time.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Hence utopianism is always a compromised and a matter of making the best of bad circumstances.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this model, which we might see as a wave, from peaks to trough and back again, the perfect society exists in a perfect realm but unlike in Christianity, is never attainable.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Utopias can exist without the belief in a predetermined future which is central to millenarian dreams, but those dreams always look forward to a utopia.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Platonic time theory the movement of the planets signifies constant change:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Therefore, before astrology could be of practical use, it had to be purged of its inaccuracies, as well as the failings of its practitioners, together with its flawed philosophical assumptions, such as that auspicious moments could be elected for the foundations of towns:”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Utopia, simply, is impossible for it suggests that the world will arrive at a state of existence which, being perfect, can be subject to no further change.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Astrology was therefore inherently uncertain as well as (in its sixteenth-century application) technically flawed.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Millenarianism and utopianism are not the same, but they are linked.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Aviva Rothman argues that Kepler disagreed with Bodin's regard for monarchy and considered that harmony equated to both the public good and the good of the state.114”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [114]
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That we can try is the foundation of social democracy.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neither music (perhaps a reference to Ficino) nor astrology, Bodin believed, could be a perfect guide to history, as both were relatively imperfect, being governed by number and therefore lesser factors in the hierarchy of causation.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin: political theory and activism
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Utopias are partly contested spaces, even when they have an imaginary location, but because their exist in the future, they exist within a contested timescape.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His cosmic state would manage dissent by social and political reform where possible, but propaganda and repression if necessary, to forestall violent revolution.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Bodin and Kepler's reformed astrology can be contextualised work as a form of what Michel Foucault termed the archaeology of knowledge, considering the nature and purpose of their 'world of discourse'.136”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [136]
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plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Kepler's view this information was of great importance to governments and policy should take it into account, specifically its likely consequences, a combination of reform and repression, with reform being the first priority and repression a last resort.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Like Bodin, Kepler favoured a mathematical approach and regarded astrology as perfectly natural, a logical extension of the harmonies he perceived throughout the universe.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Like Bodin, Kepler regarded the principle of astrology as true, but its implementation as flawed.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Bodin and Kepler
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both wished to preserve political harmony, a goal which depended on engagement with the wider ecology of the cosmos; this was the application of his hard kernel of astrological truth.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Conclusion
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“His complaint was that, as a result of the poor record of astronomical observation and accuracy, there had to date been no authoritative work on the historical significance of these cycles.”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper relies on this without support.
The schism between Roman Catholic and Protestant Christianity was a significant context for Kepler's Harmonice Mundi.
“Johannes Kepler's Harmonice Mundi, published in 1619, in the wake of the schism between Roman Catholic and Protestant Christianity, is an attempt to describe the perfect Republic, the origins of which lie in a series of Platonic dialogues, chiefly the Republic, Timaeus and Laws.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
“the 1524 conjunction of Saturn, Jupiter and Mars at 8 0 Aries”
§ Harmony, Politics and Utopia in the Cosmology of > Astrological prediction
“the great conjunction of 1524 when Mars, Jupiter and Saturn united at the tenth degree of Pisces”
Citations
Cites
Bodin, J., & Tooley, M. J. (1955) · Cited by 485
The Occult Philosophy in the Elizabethan Age
Yates, F. A. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203167113 · Cited by 288
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Pierre Bayle, An Historical and Critical Dictionary, Vol. 1 (London: Hunt & Clark, 1826), p.651.
- Bodin's attack was published in his De la Demonomanie des Sorciers. For a full account see Christopher Baxter, 'Jean Bodin's De la Demonomanie des Sorciers', in Sydney Anglo, ed., The Damned Art, Essays in the Literature of Witchcraft (London: Routledge, 1977).
- Yates also noted that to be a politique could result in charges of magic or sympathy to magic: see Francis Yates, The Rosicrucian Enlightenment (London: Routledge, 1972), p.110.
- J. W. Allen, 'Jean Bodin', in F. J. C. Hearnshaw, ed., The Social and Political Ideas of Some Great Thinkers of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (London: G .G. Harrap & Co., 1926), pp.44-5.
- See Franklin, Jean Bodin and the Sixteenth Century Revolution, esp. pp.116- 17. See also Manuel, Philosophical History, p.60. 49 Jean Bodin, 'Method for the Easy Understanding of History', trans. Beatrice Reynolds, Records of Civilisation: Sources and Studies no. 37 (New York, Columbia University:, Russell Press, 1945), p.17. 50 Bodin, Method, p.145.
- Marsilio Ficino, The Book of the Sun (De Sole), trans. Geoffrey Cornelius, Darby Costello, Graeme Tobyn, Angela Voss & Vernon Wells, Sphinx: A Journal for Archetypal Psychology and the Arts 6 (1994): p.132. Also see http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/~alfar2/ficino.htm. See also Henry Cornelius Agrippa, Three Books of Occult Philosophy, facsimile of the 1651 translation (London: Chthonius Books, 1986), Book II, Chapter XXXII, p.284. 90 Bodin, Method, p.113. 91 Bodin, Method, Chapter 5. 92 Bodin, Method, Chapter 5. 96 Bodin, Six Books of the Commonwealth, Book 4, Chapter 2, p.xxxiii. 97 Bodin, Six Books of the Commonwealth, p.467.
- Bodin, Six Books of the Commonwealth, Book 4, Chapter 2. 99 Bodin, Method, p.317. 100 Bodin, Method, p.16. 101 Bodin, Six Books of the Commonwealth, p.449. 102 Bodin, Six Books of the Commonwealth, Book 4, Chapter 1. 103 Bodin, Six Books of the Commonwealth, p.436 104 Bodin, Method, p.17. 105 Thomas Aquinas , Summa Theologica, 4 Vols. Literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province. Second and Revised Edition. (London: Burns, Oates and Washbourne, 1920), 2.2.95.5. http://www.newadvent.org/summa/309505.htm; See also Thomas Aquinas, Summa Contra Gentiles, 4 Vols., trans. Vernon J. Bourke (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975), III. esp. pp.84-7, 91-2. 111 Manuel, Philosophical History, p.63. 112 Kepler, Harmony of the World, pp.255-78. 113 Kepler, The Harmony of the World, p.255, nn. 203, 278. 114
- Rothman, Aviva, Pursuit of harmony, p.211. 115 Kepler, Harmony of the World, p.278. 130 Kepler, 'On the More Certain Fundamentals of Astrology', Thesis 71, p.104. 131 Kepler, 'On the More Certain Fundamentals of Astrology', Thesis 71, p.104. 132 Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos, I.3. 133 Kepler, 'On the More Certain Fundamentals of Astrology', Thesis 71, p.104. 134 Johannes Kepler, 'Astrological Predictions for the Year M.DC.XVIII', trans. John Meeks, Culture and Cosmos 14, no. 1 and 2 (Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter, 2010): p.186.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Campion, N.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Campion, Nicholas
- ORCID
- Campion, Nicholas
- Venue
- Culture and Cosmos
- Publisher
- Sophia Centre Press
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 0102
- Pages
- 125-165
- OpenAlex
- W4366387593
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Culture and Cosmos (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Historical Philosophy and Science
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Seventeenth-Century Political and Philosophical Thought
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Renaissance and Early Modern Studies
- Keywords
- Jean Bodin, Johannes Kepler, Harmonices Mundi, political cosmology, utopia, harmony, astrology, Ptolemy, Plato, Aristotle, Stoicism, celestial sphere, political stability, teleomorph
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