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Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts?
Open accessAbstract
This article examines the potential of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to contribute to mediation of conflicts in the Muslim world. Based on interviews with OIC senior officials and government officials from Iraq and the Philippines, as well as research involving other primary and secondary sources, the author analyzes four cases in which the OIC participated in mediation efforts: the Philippines, Thailand, Iraq, and Somalia. The article concludes with an assessment of the advantages and challenges of including the OIC in such mediation efforts, as well as recommendations related to capacity-building and inter-organizational partnerships that might enhance the potential for the OIC to play a constructive role in conflicts involving the Muslim community.
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27 Own interpretation · 21 Sources not found · 10 Own result · 4 No basis given · 2 No full text of the sources
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In the paper
“Due to its rigorous understanding of local Somali culture, for example, the OIC was allowed by the Shabab Movement to intervene in the delivery of humanitarian assistance in their areas of control.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Cultural Competency
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In the paper
“In addition to its linguistics capabilities (it has representatives speaking languages spoken in all 57 member countries), the OIC has developed a special expertise in the cultural components that drive conflicts in member states (Saleh 2011).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Cultural Competency
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Saleh 2011
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In the paper
“Approximately 50 Iraqi Muslim scholars representing both the Shia and Sunni communities met, and, after long discussions, signed what came to be known as the Mecca Declaration on October 20, 2006.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Iraq
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
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In the paper
“Furthermore, the OIC refused to recognize the MILF as the sole representative of Muslims in the Philippines in the 2003 OIC summit meeting in Malaysia, thereby weakening the party and its call for secession (Buendia 2004).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buendia 2004 source
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“OIC Secretary General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu became personally involved, reaching out to Sunni and Shia leaders and inviting them to a reconciliation meeting in Mecca.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Iraq
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
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In the paper
“In 2006, the Thai government changed its approach with the south from the use of force to negotiation and dialogue, especially after interim Prime Minister Sarayud Chulanont offered an apology to the Muslims in that region (Yusuf 2010, 49.See also, The Nation 2006).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Thailand
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Yusuf 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites The Nation 2006
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In the paper
“In brief, OIC intervention in Somalia contributed to an effective response to the country's disastrous humanitarian situation, especially at a time when the Shabab militant group, which only trusted the OIC to deliver humanitarian assistance, forced many international organizations to leave the region.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Somalia
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OIC-UN 2008
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“OIC mediation in the Philippines showed a high level of persistence and long-term engagement with the conflict and its parties.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
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In the paper
“Through its intensive mediation efforts, the OIC was able to bring the GOP and MNLF to a peace agreement in 1996 that emphasized the general framework for peace in the south and appointed Nur Misuari as Governor of the autonomous southern region.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“especially at a time when the Shabab militant group, which only trusted the OIC to deliver humanitarian assistance, forced many international organizations to leave the region.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Somalia
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OIC-UN 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“The OIC intervened in 2005 after receiving an invitation from the Thai government to do so (Thai Government Public Relations Department 2005).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Thailand
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Thai Government Public Relations Department 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“To ensure success, the OIC secured support of all shareholders, including Iraqi and other regional and international parties involved in Iraq (Ihsanoglu 2010).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Iraq
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“In addition, at the 2009 Brussels Donors Conference, the OIC pledged $210 million in various forms of assistance to Somalia (Ihsanoglu 2010).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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In the paper
“Also, it should be noted that later the intervention of OIC Secretary General Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu to facilitate implementation of the peace agreement led to the successful release of Mr. Nor Miswari, Chairman of the MNLF, in 2008.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Developing an implementation mechanism of negotiated peace agreements.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Author's interview with Ezzedine Tago 2011
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The OIC, however, was perhaps the only international organization that maintained open channels of communications with both the Qaddafi regime and the rebels.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The OIC focused mainly on mediation, capitalizing on its diplomatic leverage with the Thai government and credibility with the Muslim community.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Thailand
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In the paper
“The OIC's insistence on treating the conflict within the framework of the territorial integrity of the Philippines helped determine the type of approachpeace negotiationsthat would be used to settle the conflict.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
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In the paper
“Furthermore, the OIC's cultural competency has granted the organization access to specific conflict zones that would have otherwise remained unreachable.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Cultural Competency
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With 57 member states representing 1.6 billion Muslims around the word and a history of mediation in conflict zones, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the second largest international organization after the United Nations (UN), is well placed to contribute to the prevention, management, and resolution of world conflicts.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Abstract
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In the paper
“The trust both parties held in the OIC allowed the organization to intensify mediation efforts once again.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
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In the paper
“Finally, the OIC's organizational structure has been an impediment to effective mediation and decision-making.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
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In the paper
“The bombing of the two holy shrines in the city of Samara in 2006 served as a trigger for intensive third party intervention.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Iraq
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In the paper
“First, there is a challenge of possible duplication of mediation efforts with other regional and international organizations.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
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In the paper
“The major advantage of possessing these cultural and linguistic skills is the OIC's ability to conduct knowledge-based and culturally sensitive mediation.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Cultural Competency
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In the paper
“Nonetheless, the Organization has not yet reached its full potential in terms of mediating and resolving international conflicts.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Abstract
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In the paper
“The impact of the Secretary General's mediation activities, however, remains limited without firm political will from member states.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
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In the paper
“Third, an approach based on moral power allows for the use of a set of tactics that are not available to other organizations.Applying its moral power in mediation, the OICthe mediatorcan employ moral pressuring tactics like shaming to deter escalatory behavior and honoring to encourage or reward attitudes or actions leading to a constructive resolution.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Moral Power
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In the paper
“While the OIC was able to broker a peace agreement between the MNLF and the GOP, it is obvious that implementation, as in most peace agreements, remains a challenge for the OIC, particularly as it lacks a mechanism to enforce the agreement.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
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In the paper
“As these examples show, partnership with the OIC could play a constructive and complementary rolerather than competitiveto UN efforts to resolve domestic and regional conflicts.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Partnerships
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In the paper
“Partnerships between international organizations are therefore necessary to respond effectively to the mediation requirements of world conflicts.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Partnerships
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Indeed, Buendia (2004) suggests that one major reason Mindanao was prevented from seceding was the pressure that the OIC applied on the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)rival to the MNLF and advocates of secession.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Buendia (2004) source
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In this particular instance, the need for partnership with the OIC became essential when the UN and other international organizations were unable to perform mediation with the regime or the rebels.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“UN partnership with the OIC is necessary to keep channels of communication open in difficult areas where the UNand other regional organizationsdoes not enjoy full access (Saleh 2011).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Saleh 2011
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In the paper
“The organization's recognized place in the international community can support its ability to facilitate conflict resolution as a neutral mediator.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- The authors state this as an assumption: Member states perceive the OIC as having no vested interest in specific outcomes of their conflicts.
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In the paper
“Other examples of how the OIC's unique circumstances enabled the organization to assist in mediation include the Philippines, where the OIC also enjoyed special relationship with the both partiesthe government and the rebelsand was therefore able to negotiate successful mediation in 1996.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Partnerships
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In 2007, OIC Secretary General Ihsanoglu visited Bangkok to express his appreciation for the change in the government's approach and to offer cooperation in resolving the crisis through economic, social, and education initiatives.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Thailand
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites The Nation 2007
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In the paper
“Of the 57 OIC members states, 27 are also members of the African Union, 22 countries are members in the Arab League, and seven are members of both the Arab League and the African Union.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
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In the paper
“Notably, the Moro National Liberation Front trusted only the OIC to mediate as a neutral party.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Partnerships
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Moreover, executive power was delegated to the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, which met only annually and was thus unable to make decisions at short notice.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kayaoglu (2012)
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In the paper
“The organization then provided access to affected areas that were separated from the rest of the world, provided a coordination framework within the organizations of OIC member states, and coordinated and signed Memoranda of Understanding with international organizations, namely the World Food Program (WFP), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), and United Nations Office of the Coordin”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Somalia
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites OIC-UN 2008
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plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, the 2006 OIC-brokered Mecca Declaration between Iraqi Sunni and Shia has survived and contributed a great deal to bridging the divide between the two parties.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Moral Power
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This has been in demonstrated by the arrest of Misuari in November 2001, after which the MNLF resumed violence and significantly undermined the viability of the 1996 agreement.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Baruah (2002)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite a number of challenges, the OIC has already scored notable successes in mediating a number of deep-rooted conflicts, especially within member states.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“However, Parliament failed to ratify the agreement, leading to a new wave of fighting that ended with the arrest of Misuari for raising arms against the state (Ihsanoglu 2010).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Philippines
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As its history shows, the OIC has successfully mediated a number of serious conflicts, many among its member states.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Enhancing Conflict Resolution and Mediation Effectiveness
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For example, the Islamic Development Bank pledged $16 million for development efforts, while only $2 million were actually spent.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Developing an implementation mechanism of negotiated peace agreements.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, the OIC supported peace efforts that followed the signing of the Djibouti agreement and became active in the International Contact Group on Somalia.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Efforts to provide aid stalled in Somalia with no tangible process, leading Ethiopia to intervene militarily in 2006.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Due to the complexity of the situation on the ground, however, the Contact Group made almost no progress and, like the UN-led peace process, ultimately reached a dead end.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The OIC made remarkable success with the 1996 agreement between the Philippine government and Moro Front.However, the implementation of this agreement faced a number of challenges, primarily the development efforts in region.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Developing an implementation mechanism of negotiated peace agreements.
boostedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ihsanoglu (2011) notes that the OIC, as early as 22 February 2011, condemned the excessive use of force against civilians in Libya, and called on the Libyan Authorities to immediately stop violence against innocent Libyans and emphasized the need to address their claims peacefully and through serious dialogue instead of assassination and blood shedding (Author's interview with Ekmeleddin Ihsanoglu”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“This action in fact revived the peace process, and the OIC participated in the negotiation process which led to the signing of the Djibouti agreement of August 2008 between the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia and the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS), as well as the expansion of the transitional parliament and the election of a new President (Ihsanoglu 2010).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ihsanoglu 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, other organizations like the UN already engage in force-based mediation, and the OIC approach could therefore play a complementary role to this approach.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Moral Power
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A second challenge is that OIC mediation needs to be supported by strong political will.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For mediation, this means that no one approach or single mediator can function for all.Some organizations are able to make a difference in certain conflicts, while others are better suited to resolve different conflicts.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Partnerships
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without the OIC's access, however, the UN would have likely never been allowed to enter, and the humanitarian condition would have worsened.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Cultural Competency
hedgedstates a possible causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This double and triple membership of some countries in organizations performing similar mediation work may lead to a conflict of interest and a competition for loyalties.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Again, only with the 2005 reform was the Executive Committee established, allowing a margin of efficiency in the decision-making processes and enhancing the organization's ability to act as a mediator.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Challenges
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The OIC delegation concluded that unrest in the south was neither the result of religious discrimination against the Muslims nor was it rooted in the religion itself; instead, it could be traced to culture and historic neglect of the south (Bangkok Post 2005).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Thailand
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Bangkok Post 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, entering mediation on a voluntary basis, in the absence of legality and physical force, may elicit a better response from the conflict parties.They will realize that the final settlement decision is ultimately their own and will therefore not be forced to engage in agreements that they consider counter to their interests.Agreements reached on this basis will likely be more sustainable, as”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Moral Power
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The OIC's unique ability to influence conflicts in the Muslim world can be seen in three different areas: cultural competency, moral power, and partnerships.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Comparative Advantage
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The OIC selected Ramadan, October 2006, and Mecca as, respectively, the holiest month and place for the Muslims.This religious dimension of the time and place added considerable moral pressure on the parties to elicit a cooperative attitude.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Iraq
plainstates a causeSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Traditionally, it has been argued that neutrality of the mediator is a key factor for influential and successful mediation (Touval and Zartman 1985).”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Capitalizing on its profile of neutrality and impartiality.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Touval and Zartman 1985
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the next challenge for the OIC will involve transforming its efforts from ad hoc reaction to crises to more sustainable and systematic mediation.”
§ Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Can the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Resolve Conflicts? Conflicts? > Enhancing Conflict Resolution and Mediation Effectiveness
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Member states perceive the OIC as having no vested interest in specific outcomes of their conflicts.
“At least theoretically, member states perceive the OIC as having no vested interest in specific outcomes of their conflicts.”
Citations
Cites
Resolution Adopted By The General Assembly
(1984) · International Legal Materials · doi:10.1017/s002078290003076x · Cited by 1,150
International Mediation in Theory and Practice
Campbell, J. C., Touval, S., & Zartman, I. W. (1985) · Foreign Affairs · doi:10.2307/20042376 · Cited by 259
Liow, J. C. (2004) · Studies in Conflict & Terrorism · doi:10.1080/10576100490513701 · Cited by 50
The Southern Thailand Conflict and the Muslim World1
Yusuf, I. (2007) · Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs · doi:10.1080/13602000701536232 · Cited by 45
Resolution adopted by the General Assembly 60/251
(2007) · Human Rights Law Review · doi:10.1093/hrlr/ngl028 · Cited by 31
(2004) · Cited by 11
The GRP‑MILF Peace Talks: Quo Vadis?
Buendia, R. G. (2004) · Southeast Asian affairs · doi:10.1355/seaa04n · Cited by 11
Wilson, J., & Thomas, G. (2009) · doi:10.21236/ada506642 · Cited by 7
Yusuf, I. (2010) · American Journal of Islam and Society · doi:10.35632/ajiss.v27i1.355 · Cited by 6
The GRP-MILF Peace Talks: Quo Vadis?
(2004) · Southeast Asian Affairs 2004 · doi:10.1355/9789812306944-016 · Cited by 5
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [4]4. Baruah, A. 2002. "Dealing with Misuari," Frontline, Vol. 19 (1). Bangkok Post. 2005. "Bid to Keep South Off the OIC Agenda." BBC. 2010. "Profile: Organization of the Islamic Conference." BBC. 2012. "Somalia Profile."
- [13]13. Johnson, T. 2010. "The Organization of Islamic Conference," Council on Foreign Relations.
- [15]15. Salah, T. 2011. "The Role of the OIC in Mediation and Facilitation: Challenges and Successes."OIC Journal (16).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Impacts of Saudi Hegemony on the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
Akbarzadeh, S., & Ahmed, Z. S. (2017) · International Journal of Politics Culture and Society · doi:10.1007/s10767-017-9270-x · Cited by 19
Emerging role of the organization of Islamic cooperation in the global governance since 1969
Ali, T., & Sultan, H. (2023) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2023.2202052 · Cited by 13
Krause, D., Svensson, I., & Larsson, G. (2019) · Religions · doi:10.3390/rel10100567 · Cited by 16
Separatist Conflicts in the ASEAN Region: Comparing Southern Thailand and Mindanao
Rupprecht, K. (2019) · Advances in Southeast Asian Studies · doi:10.14764/10.aseas-2014.1-3 · Cited by 8
Dalillah, N. I. (2021) · Insignia Journal of International Relations · doi:10.20884/1.ins.2021.8.2.4284 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Sharqieh, I.
- Affiliations
- Brookings Institution (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sharqieh, Ibrahim
- Venue
- Peace and Conflict Studies
- Publisher
- Nova Southeastern University
- Published
- 2012
- ISSN
- 1082-7307 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W983845081
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Peace and Conflict Studies (publishedVersion)
- NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Peacebuilding and International Security
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Middle East Politics and Society
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › International Relations and Foreign Policy
- Keywords
- Organization of Islamic Cooperation, conflict mediation, Islamic organizations, Muslim-majority countries, inter-organizational partnerships, capacity building, Iraq, Philippines, Thailand, Somalia, peacebuilding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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