CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 9Workplace Health and Well-beingMental Health Treatment and AccessSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevalence of Chronic Mental and Physical Disorders, Impact on Work Productivity and Correlates of Alcohol Use Disorders and Nicotine Dependence across Occupations

Open access
Vaingankar, Janhavi Ajit, Subramaniam, Mythily, Chong, Siow Ann, He, Vincent YF, Abdin, Edimansyah, Picco, Louisa, Lim, Wei Yen, Chia, Sin Eng·2015·Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
DOI 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v44n4p133
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Introduction: This study assessed occupational differences in the prevalence of mental and physical disorders in an employed general population sample in Singapore and investigated the impact of these disorders on work productivity losses in terms of work-loss days and work-cutback days. The association of occupation with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and nicotine dependence (ND) was also investigated. Materials and Methods: Data from a population-based mental health survey of a representative sample of multi-ethnic residents aged 18 years and above were used. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered to establish the lifetime diagnosis of key mental disorders. Self-report on sociodemographic characteristics, productivity loss, ND, and lifetime physical conditions were obtained. Nine occupational groups were included in this analysis. Results: The sample comprised 4361 participants with a mean (SD) age of 42.2 (11.9) years, ranging between 19 to 80 years. ‘Associate professionals and technicians’ (26.2%), ‘Services and sales workers’ (17.7%) and ‘Professionals’ (15.4%) were the 3 predominant occupational categories. Sociodemographic characteristics differed significantly across occupations (P <0.001). The lifetime prevalences of having ‘any mental disorder’ and ‘any physical disorder’ were 13.0% and 37.9%, respectively; major depressive disorder was the most prevalent mental disorder (5.9%) and hypertension was the most common physical disorder (15.6%). There were no significant differences in work productivity loss across occupations. Sociodemographic and occupational correlates for AUD and ND were identified. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and health disparities exist in the major occupational categories in Singapore. The strength of the associations between occupation and AUD and ND are significant, indicating the need for preventative measures in select occupations. Key words: Major depressive disorder, Multi-ethnic, Population-based

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v44n4p133

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Rates of these mental illnesses in those that are employed are similar.

    “Rates of these mental illnesses in those that are employed are similar. 5”

    From Helping People with Mental Illness Return to Employment: Challenging Existing Beliefs (2015) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Discussion reports that major depressive disorder (MDD) prevalence among employed people was 5.9%, very close to the 5.8% reported for Singapore’s general population. It does not make the same comparison for the other mental illnesses, so the plural claim is broader than the evidence. (LLM, conf=0.81)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Foregoing help because of worry about workplace discrimination takes a toll in absenteeism and presenteeism.

    “despite the toll it takes in absenteeism and presenteeism. 5”

    From Helping People with Mental Illness Return to Employment: Challenging Existing Beliefs (2015) · cites this paper as [5]

    The “Impact of Mental and Physical Disorders on Work Productivity” section (page not provided) reports work-loss days (absenteeism) and work-cutback days (presenteeism) due to mental and physical health problems. It does not link those losses to foregoing help because of worry about workplace discrimination. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • This may explain why treatment-seeking behaviours are low for employed people with mental illness.

    “This may explain why treatment-seeking behaviours are low for employed people with mental illness. 4,5”

    From Helping People with Mental Illness Return to Employment: Challenging Existing Beliefs (2015) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Materials and Methods section describes a survey of employed Singapore residents, and the Discussion addresses mental-disorder prevalence and work productivity. Neither reports treatment-seeking rates or explains why employed people with mental illness might seek treatment less often. Searches for treatment, seeking, and mental-health service use found no passage addressing that point; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 46

  1. Stamatakis E, Chau JY, Pedisic Z, Bauman A, Macniven R, Coombs N, et al. Are sitting occupations associated with increased all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality risk? A pooled analysis of seven British population cohorts. PLoS One 2013;8:e73753. · DOI
  2. Langevin SM, O'Sullivan MH, Valerio JL, Pawlita M, Applebaum KM, Eliot M, et al. Occupational asbestos exposure is associated with pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in men from the greater Boston area. Occup Environ Med 2013;70:858-63. · DOI
  3. Meerding WJ, IJzelenberg W, Koopmanschap MA, Severens JL, Burdorf A. Health problems lead to considerable productivity loss at work among workers with high physical load jobs. J Clin Epidemiol 2005;58:517-23. · DOI
  4. Karasek R, Baker D, Marxer F, Ahlbom A, Theorell T. Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men. Am J Public Health 1981;71:694-705. · DOI
  5. Ohayon MM, Roberts LW. Links between occupational activities and depressive mood in young adult populations. J Psychiatr Res 2014;49:10-7. · DOI
  6. Roberts RE, Lee ES. Occupation and the prevalence of major depression, alcohol, and drug abuse in the United States. Environ Res 1993;61:266-78. · DOI
  7. Barnes AJ, Zimmerman FJ. Associations of occupational attributes and excessive drinking. Soc Sci Med 2013;92:35-42. · DOI
  8. John U, Riedel J, Rumpf HJ, Hapke U, Meyer C. Associations of perceived work strain with nicotine dependence in a community sample. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:207-211. · DOI
  9. Tsutsumi A, Kayaba K, Tsutsumi K, Igarashi M, Jichi Medical School Cohort Study Group. Association between job strain and prevalence of hypertension: a cross sectional analysis in a Japanese working population with a wide range of occupations: the Jichi Medical School cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2001;58:367-73. · DOI
  10. Sánchez-Chaparro MA, Calvo-Bonacho E, González-Quintela A, Fernández-Labandera C, Cabrera M, Sáinz JC, et al. Occupation-related differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2008;31:1884-5. · DOI
  11. Muntaner C, Sorlie P, O'Campo P, Johnson N, Backlund E. Occupational hierarchy, economic sector, and mortality from cardiovascular disease among men and women. Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:194-201. · DOI
  12. Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, Lynge E, Gunnarsdottir HK, Sparén P, Tryggvadottir L, et al. Occupation and cancer—follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2009;48:646-790. · DOI
  13. Kessler RC, Frank RG. The impact of psychiatric disorders on work loss days. Psychol Med 1997;27:861-73. · DOI
  14. Baune BT, Adrian I, Jacobi F. Medical disorders affect health outcome and general functioning depending on comorbid major depression in the general population. J Psychosom Res 2007;62:109-18. · DOI
  15. Mandell W, Eaton WW, Anthony JC, Garrison R. Alcoholism and occupations: a review and analysis of 104 occupations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992;16:734-46. · DOI
  16. Helbig K, McKay E. An exploration of addictive behaviours from an occupational perspective. J Occup Sci 2003;10:140-45. · DOI
  17. Chan KB, Lai G, Ko YC, Boey KW. Work stress among six professional groups: the Singapore experience. Soc Sci Med 2000;50:1415-32. · DOI
  18. Wee LE, Wong J, Chin RT, Lin ZY, Goh DE, Vijakumar K, et al. Hypertension management and lifestyle changes following screening for hypertension in an Asian low socioeconomic status community: a prospective study. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2013;42:451-65. · DOI
  19. Lim YL, Goon A. Occupational skin diseases in Singapore 2003-2004: an epidemiologic update. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56:157-9. · DOI
  20. Lee SM, Koh D, Chui WK, Sum CF. Diabetes management and hypoglycemia in safety sensitive jobs. Saf Health Work 2011;2:9-16. · DOI
  21. Tey JS, Ang LW, Tay J, Cutter JL, James L, Chew SK, et al. Determinants of late-stage HIV disease at diagnosis in Singapore, 1996 to 2009. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2012;41:194-9. · DOI
  22. Ng TP, Hong CY, Goh LG, Wong ML, Koh KT, Ling SL. Risks of asthma associated with occupations in a community-based case-control study. Am J Ind Med 1994;25:709-18. · DOI
  23. Chia SE, Wong KY, Tai BC. Occupation and risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Singapore. Occup Med (Lond) 2012;62:29-33. · DOI
  24. Stallones L, Kraus JF. The occurrence and epidemiologic features of alcohol-related occupational injuries. Addiction 1993;88:945-51. · DOI
  25. Subramaniam M, Vaingankar J, Heng D, Kwok KW, Lim YW, Yap M, et al. The Singapore Mental Health Study: an overview of the methodology. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2012;21:149-57. · DOI · Paper page
  26. Kessler RC, Ustun TB. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative Version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2004;13:93-121. · DOI · Paper page
  27. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The Fagerstrom Test for Nictoine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. Br JAddict 1991;86:1119-27. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Manimunda SP, Benegal V, Sugunan AP, Jeemon P, Balakrishna N, Thennarusu K, et al. Tobacco use and nicotine dependency in a cross-sectional representative sample of 18,018 individuals in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. BMC Public Health 2012;12:515. · DOI
  29. Hellerstein JK, Neumark D. Workplace segregation in the United States: race, ethnicity, and skill. Rev Econ Stat 2008;90:459-77. Available at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w11599. Accessed 24 February 2015. · DOI
  30. Wotton BH. Gender differences in occupational employment. Monthly Labor Review 1997;120:15-24. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/mlr/1997/04/art2full.pdf. Accessed 24 February 2015.
  31. Chong SA, Vaingankar J, Abdin E, Subramaniam M. The prevalence and impact of major depressive disorderamong Chinese, Malays and Indians in an Asian multi-racial population. J Affect Disord 2012;138:128-36. · DOI
  32. Davila EP, Kuklina EV, Valderrama AL, Yoon PW, Rolle I, Nsubuga P. Prevalence, management, and control of hypertension among US workers: does occupation matter? J Occup Environ Med 2012;54:1150-6. · DOI
  33. Karasek R, Theorell T. Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. 1st ed. New York: Basic Books, 1990. p381. · DOI
  34. Wang J, Patten SB, Currie S, Sareen J, Schmitz N. A population-based longitudinal study on work environmental factors and the risk of major depressive disorder. Am J Epidemiol 2012;176:52-9. · DOI
  35. Burgard SA, Elliott MR, Zivin K, House JS. Working conditions and depressive symptoms: a prospective study of US adults. J Occup Environ Med 2013;55:1007-14. · DOI
  36. Kuper H, Marmot M. Job strain, job demands, decision latitude, and risk of coronary heart disease within the Whitehall II study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:147-53. · DOI
  37. Eriksson AK, van den Donk M, Hilding A, Östenson CG. Work stress, sense of coherence, and risk of type 2 diabetes in a prospective study of middle-aged Swedish men and women. Diabetes Care 2013;36:2683-9. · DOI
  38. Babu GR, Jotheeswaran A, Mahapatra T, Mahapatra S, Kumar Sr A, Detels R, et al. Is hypertension associated with job strain? A meta-analysis of observational studies. Occup Environ Med 2014;71:220-7. · DOI
  39. Covey LS, Wynder EL. Smoking habits and occupational status. J Occup Med 1981;23:537-542.
  40. Robinson SD. Women and alcohol abuse—factors involved in successful interventions. Int J Addict 1984;19:601-11. · DOI
  41. Akande A. Coping with entrepreneurial stress: a Nigerian case study. Leadership & Organization Development Journal 1992;13:27-32. · DOI
  42. Macdonald S, Wells S, Wild TC. Occupational risk factors associated with alcohol and drug problems. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1999;25:351-69. · DOI
  43. Brunner E, Shipley MJ, Blane D, Smith GD, Marmot MG. When does cardiovascular risk start? Past and present socioeconomic circumstances and risk factors in adulthood. J Epidemiol Community Health 1999;53:757-64. · DOI
  44. Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar J, Phua AM, Tee J, Chong SA. Prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorders in the Singapore Mental Health Survey. Addiction 2012;107:1443-52. · DOI · Paper page
  45. Picco L, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Chong SA. Smoking and nicotine dependence in Singapore: findings from a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Ann Acad Medicine Singapore 2012;41:325-34. · DOI
  46. Lim WY, Subramaniam M, Abdin E, Vaingankar J, Chong SA. Peptic ulcer disease and mental illnesses. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014;36:63-7. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Vaingankar, J. A., Subramaniam, M., Chong, S. A., He, V. Y., Abdin, E., Picco, L., Lim, W. Y., & Chia, S. E.
Affiliations
  • Institute of Mental Health (SG)
  • National University of Singapore (SG)
Corresponding author
Vaingankar, Janhavi Ajit
ORCID
Venue
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
Publisher
Academy of Medicine, Singapore
Published
2015-04-15
Volume
44
Issue
4
Pages
133-144
ISSN
0304-4602 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v44n4p133
OpenAlex
W571249315
Cited by
9
References
1
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI
0.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Singapore Millennium Foundation
  • Ministry of Health -Singapore
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
occupational differences, mental illness, physical disorders, work productivity loss, alcoholism, nicotine dependence, major depressive disorder, hypertension, health disparities, sociodemographic differences, Singapore
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chronic Disease, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Occupations, Singapore, Tobacco Use Disorder, Prevalence, Alcohol-Related Disorders, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review