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Cited by 9Children's Physical and Motor DevelopmentAugmented Reality ApplicationsPhysical Education and Training Studies

The interventions of physical education by using augmented reality-based mobile learning can significantly improve gross motor skills in elementary school students

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Faruk, Mohammad, Ali, Mohammad, Susilana, Rudi, Dewi, Laksmi, Alias, Norlidah, Mahardika, I Made Sri Undy, Syafi’i, Imam, Huda, Muchamad Samsul +3 more·2025·Retos
DOI 10.47197/retos.v64.111727
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Abstract

Introduction: Physical education interventions outside of school that use augmented reality mobile learning can be an effective method to improve students' gross motor skills in primary school. The novelty of this study, learning media is packaged into an application that runs on a mobile device. Objective: The aims of the study was to prove that interventions of physical education by using augmented reality based mobile learning can significantly improve gross motor skills in elementary school students. Methodology: The study examined the effects of physical education by using augmented reality based mobile learning. This study used 60 participants who were divided into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. The instrument used was the Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2) to evaluate the growth pattern of gross motor skills. The data analysis techniques used were normality test, influence test, and independent samples t-test. Results: The results showed that interventions of physical education by using augmented reality based mobile learning, provided a greater improvement in gross motor skills. The control group showed the least change. Discussion: The interventions of physical education by using augmented reality based mobile learning can significantly improve gross motor skills in elementary school students. Conclusions: These findings may guide options for those looking for effective ways to improve gross motor skills especially for early childhood. The interventions of physical education by using augmented reality based mobile learning can significantly improve gross motor skills in elementary school students.

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  • Real-time audio-visual feedback increases technical accuracy in novice volleyball players, leading to rapid motor learning.

    “Faruk et al., 2025) carried out an experiment that showed the effect of real-time audio-visual feedback in increasing the technical accuracy of novice volleyball players, which in turn results in rapid motor learning.”

    From Real-time feedback enhances motor learning and motivation in youth team sports through augmented reality tools (2025) · cites this paper as Faruk et al., 2025

    The Discussion (page unavailable) says AR applications can assess students’ movement accuracy and provide feedback in real time. The Conclusions report improved gross motor skills in elementary school students. The paper does not report an experiment on novice volleyball players, specify audio-visual feedback, or establish rapid motor learning. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 27

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Cited by

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Authors
Faruk, M., Ali, M., Susilana, R., Dewi, L., Alias, N., Mahardika, I. M. S. U., Syafi’i, I., Huda, M. S., Wahyudi, A. R., Andriana, L. M., & Pranoto, A.
Affiliations
  • Indonesia University of Education (ID)
  • University of Malaya (MY)
  • Universitas Negeri Surabaya (ID)
  • Mulawarman University (ID)
ORCID
Venue
Retos
Publisher
JURUFRA SL
Published
2025-01-16
Volume
64
Pages
201-210
ISSN
  • 1579-1726 (ISSN-L)
  • 1988-2041
DOI
10.47197/retos.v64.111727
OpenAlex
W4406728073
Cited by
9
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 3
FWCI
9.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Retos (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Augmented Reality Applications
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
Keywords
augmented reality, mobile learning, physical education, gross motor skills, elementary school students, TGMD-2, early childhood motor development

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