State Collapse, Democratic Dysfunction, and the Rise of Military Intervention in West Africa: A Study of Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and Guinea

Military coups in Mali (2020), Burkina Faso (2022–2023), Niger (2023), and Guinea (2021) received substantial citizen support despite violating democratic procedures. This paradox demands explanation: why did populations within formally functioning democracies actively support military overthrow?…