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Mental Health Outcomes of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Fear and Insomnia, and the Resilience among Frontline Nurses Caring for Critical COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Units
Open accessAbstract
Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant disruption in healthcare delivery and poses a unique long-term stressor among frontline nurses. Hence, the investigators planned to explore the adverse mental health outcomes and the resilience of frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 patients admitted in intensive care units (ICUs). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional online survey using Google form consisted of questionnaires on perceived stress scale (PSS-10), generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7), Fear Scale for Healthcare Professionals regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, insomnia severity index, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC) were administered among the nurses working in COVID ICUs of a tertiary care center in North India. Results: A considerable number of subjects in the study reported symptoms of distress (68.5%), anxiety (54.7%), fear (44%), and insomnia (31%). Resilience among the frontline nurses demonstrated a moderate to a high level with a mean percentage score of 77.5 (31.23 ± 4.68). A negative correlation was found between resilience and adverse mental outcomes; hence, resilience is a reliable tool to mitigate the adverse psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Emphasizing the well-being of the nurses caring for critical COVID-19 patients during the pandemic is necessary to enable them to provide high-quality nursing care. How to cite this article: Jose S, Cyriac MC, Dhandapani M, Mehra A, Sharma N. Mental Health Outcomes of Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Fear and Insomnia, and the Resilience among Frontline Nurses Caring for Critical COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Units. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(2):174-178.
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“the existing literature, which states that those professionals with a higher risk of suffering psychoemotional alteration are those who work in highly complex areas such as emergencies or CCU, or those who work on the front line with infectious-contagious patients (47, 48).”
From Evolution of burnout syndrome in Spanish healthcare professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial variables involved (2025) · cites this paper as [48]
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Burnout and Resilience Among Nurses Practicing in High-Intensity Settings
Rushton, C. H., Batcheller, J. L., Schroeder, K., & Donohue, P. (2015) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2015291 · Cited by 745
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Covid‐19: Supporting nurses' psychological and mental health
Jill Maben 1, 2., & Bridges, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15307 · Cited by 597
Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection
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Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan
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Jose, S., Dhandapani, M., & Cyriac, M. C. (2020) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23667 · Cited by 201
Self-citationWorking experiences of nurses during the Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak
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Exploring resilience in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study
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Self-citationThe Pandemic’s Psychological Toll
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Wang, T., Jiang, L., Li, T., Zhang, X., & Xiao, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1136084 · Cited by 48
COVID-19 burnout, resilience, and psychological distress among Chinese college students
Sun, Y., Zhu, S., ChenHuang, G., Zhu, L., Yang, S., Zhang, X., & Zheng, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009027 · Cited by 32
Resilience and Mental-Health Symptoms in ICU Healthcare Professionals Facing Repeated COVID-19 Waves
Azoulay, É., Pochard, F., Argaud, L., Cariou, A., Clère-Jehl, R., Guisset, O., Labbé, V., Tamion, F., Bruneel, F., Jourdain, M., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202305-0806oc · Cited by 23
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Dhandapani, M., Jose, S., & Cyriac, M. C. (2024) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24626 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Sharma, N., Dhandapani, M., Mehra, A., Jose, S., & Cyriac, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Jose, Sinu
- Venue
- Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
- Publisher
- Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing
- Published
- 2022-02-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 174-178
- ISSN
- 0972-5229 (ISSN-L)
- 1998-359X
- PMC
- PMC8857709
- OpenAlex
- W4210375601
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 4.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, frontline nurses, mental health, perceived stress, anxiety, fear, insomnia, resilience, intensive care unit, critical care nursing, psychological distress
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