Understanding Addiction as Self Medication: Finding Hope Behind the Pain
Abstract
Addictive behaviors beg for an informed explanation to guide patients, families, students, and clinicians through the maddening and often incomprehensible nature of the addictions. Too often addiction is perceived to be merely a moral weakness or purely a brain disease, ignoring the deep personal pain that can permeate the lives of the addicted. But taking an honest look at the underlying emotional or mental issues can more clearly illuminate not only the causes of the addiction, but also the cure. Doctors Edward J. Khantzian and Mark J. Albanese, leading researchers in the field of addiction, see addictions primarily as a kind of self medication—a self medication that can temporarily soothe anxiety or pain, but that ultimately wreaks havoc on the lives and health of both the addicted and their loved ones. With practical advice, compelling case studies, and nuanced theory drawn from their years in clinical practice, Doctors Khantzian and Albanese look at the core reasons behind many addictions and provide a pathway to hope. Understanding Addiction as Self Medication looks at a range of addictions, including alcohol and substance abuse, and clearly explains how to understand other addictive behaviors through the lens of the Self Medication Hypothesis. This book provides a much-needed guide to both understanding addictions and working towards healing.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Addiction can be understood as a psychologically coping-oriented mechanism in which hurt and traumatized individuals try to cope or self-medicate their distress by using psychoactive substances.
“writers such as Eduard Khantzian and Gabor Maté have emphasized the nature of addiction as a psychologically coping-oriented mechanism, in which hurt and traumatized individuals try to cope or “self-medicate” their distress by using psychoactive substances (6, 7).”
From Addiction Psychotherapy: Going Beyond Self-Medication (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Coping-oriented substance use has a paradoxical nature: the psychoactive effect may offer temporary relief from mental pain, but in the long run suffering may be augmented by intensive substance use and its consequences, while natural and acquired psychological coping mechanisms are often inhibited.
“According to these authors, coping-oriented substance use has a paradoxical nature: While the psychoactive effect caused by the drug may at times offer temporary relief from mental pain, in the long run suffering may be augmented by intensive substance use and its physical and psychological consequences, while natural and acquired psychological coping mechanisms are often inhibited.”
From Addiction Psychotherapy: Going Beyond Self-Medication (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kingston, R. E. F., Marel, C., & Mills, K. L. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12448 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Addiction as a self‐regulation disorder and the role of self‐medication
Khantzian, E. J. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12004 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationAddiction Psychotherapy: Going Beyond Self-Medication
Feingold, D., & Tzur Bitan, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820660 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Khantzian, E. J., & Albanese, M. J.
- ORCID
- Khantzian, Edward J.
- Published
- 2008
- OpenAlex
- W4410662650
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.86
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- addiction, self-medication hypothesis, addictive behavior, alcohol abuse, substance abuse, emotional pain, anxiety, causes of addiction, addiction treatment
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review