Protective Effect of Processed Panax ginseng, Sun Ginseng on UVB-irradiated Human Skin Keratinocyte and Human Dermal Fibroblast
Open accessAbstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of processed Panax ginseng, sun ginseng (SG) against the UVB-irradiation on epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Pretreatment of SG in HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts reduced UVB-induced cell damage as seen by reduced lactate dehydrogenase release. We also found that SG restored the UVB-induced decrease in anti-apoptotic gene expression (bcl-2 and bcl-xL) in these cells, indicating that SG has an anti-apoptotic effect and thus can protect cells from cell death caused by strong UVB radiation. In addition, SG inhibited the excessive expression of c-jun and c-fos gene by the UVB in HeCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that SG may exert an anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. This was further supported by its inhibitory effects on the elevated cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α transcription which was induced by UVB-irradiation in HaCaT cells. In addition, SG may have anti-aging property in terms of induction of procollagen gene expression and inhibition of the matrix metalloprotease-1 gene expression caused by UVBexposure. These findings suggest that SG can be a potential agent that may protect against the dermal cell damage caused by UVB.
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Both processed Panax ginseng and sun ginseng showed protective effects against UVB-induced damage in human skin keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts.
“The researchers found that both processed Panax ginseng and sun ginseng showed protective effects against UVB‐induced damage in these cells.”
From Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review. (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
The Introduction (page not available) identifies sun ginseng as a processed ginseng, not a second treatment. The Results and Discussion (page not available) report that sun ginseng protected UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, but do not show a separate protective effect for another processed Panax ginseng preparation. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Lee et al. 33 study is classified as Level IV evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine.
“Based on the level of evidence according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine, this study would be classified as Level IV”
From Cosmeceuticals in photoaging: A review. (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
The Materials and Methods sections on cell culture and UVB irradiation describe an experiment using cultured human cells. Our copy does not assign the study an Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine level; a search for that classification found no matching passage. The Level IV designation appears to be the citing authors’ assessment, not a statement verifiable from this source. (LLM, conf=0.72)
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References 48 · Cited by 40
- Authors
- Lee, H.-J., Lee, J.-Y., Song, K.-C., Kim, J.-H., Park, J.-H., Chun, K.-H., & Hwang, G.-S.
- Affiliations
- Gachon University (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Chun, Kwang-Hoon
- Hwang, Gwi-Seo
- Venue
- Journal of Ginseng Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01-11
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-77
- ISSN
- 1226-8453 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3659574
- OpenAlex
- W2074896433
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Ginseng Research (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Gachon University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- UVB irradiation, skin photoprotection, keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, apoptosis, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-Jun, c-fos, nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-aging, procollagen, MMP-1
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