The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Automotive Radar and Lidar Systems for Next Generation Driver Assistance Functions
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. Automotive radar and lidar sensors represent key components for next generation driver assistance functions (Jones, 2001). Today, their use is limited to comfort applications in premium segment vehicles although an evolution process towards more safety-oriented functions is taking place. Radar sensors available on the market today suffer from low angular resolution and poor target detection in medium ranges (30 to 60m) over azimuth angles larger than ±30°. In contrast, Lidar sensors show large sensitivity towards environmental influences (e.g. snow, fog, dirt). Both sensor technologies today have a rather high cost level, forbidding their wide-spread usage on mass markets. A common approach to overcome individual sensor drawbacks is the employment of data fusion techniques (Bar-Shalom, 2001). Raw data fusion requires a common, standardized data interface to easily integrate a variety of asynchronous sensor data into a fusion network. Moreover, next generation sensors should be able to dynamically adopt to new situations and should have the ability to work in cooperative sensor environments. As vehicular function development today is being shifted more and more towards virtual prototyping, mathematical sensor models should be available. These models should take into account the sensor's functional principle as well as all typical measurement errors generated by the sensor.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A sensor fusion strategy is often employed to avoid any single point of failure [147].”
From A Survey of Autonomous Driving: Common Practices and Emerging Technologies (2020) · cites this paper as [147]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ultra-Wideband Radar Sensors for Short-Range Vehicular Applications
Gresham, I., Jenkins, A., Egri, R. G., Eswarappa, C., Kinayman, N., Jain, N., Anderson, R., Kolak, F. S., Wohlert, R. M., Bawell, S. P., et al. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques · doi:10.1109/tmtt.2004.834185 · Cited by 285
Jones, W. D. (2001) · IEEE Spectrum · doi:10.1109/6.946636 · Cited by 272
Multisensor tracking of a maneuvering target in clutter
Houles, A., & Bar‐Shalom, Y. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems · doi:10.1109/7.18679 · Cited by 185
Comparison of Lidar-Based and Radar-Based Adaptive Cruise Control Systems
Widmann, G. R., Daniels, M. K., Hamilton, L. A., Humm, L., Riley, B., Schiffmann, J. K., Schnelker, D. E., & Wishon, W. H. (2000) · SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series · doi:10.4271/2000-01-0345 · Cited by 88
Automatic track formation in clutter with a recursive algorithm
Bar‐Shalom, Y., Chang, K., & Blom, H. A. P. (2003) · IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) · doi:10.1109/cdc.1989.70372 · Cited by 82
System aspects for future automotive radar
Schneider, R., & Wenger, J. (2003) · IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest · doi:10.1109/mwsym.1999.779478 · Cited by 26
A wireless data link for mobile applications
Lindenmeier, S. M., Boehm, K., & Luy�, J.-F. (2003) · IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters · doi:10.1109/lmwc.2003.815706 · Cited by 16
Millimeter-wave FMCW/monopulse radar front-end for automotive applications
Si, D. D., Luo, S. C., Pero, C., Wu, X., & Knox, R. (2003) · IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium digest · doi:10.1109/mwsym.1999.779474 · Cited by 16
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bar-Shalom, Y., Li, X., and Kirubarajan, T.: Estimation with Ap- plications to Tracking an Navigation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001.
- Rollmann, G., Knoll, P., Mekhaiel, M., Schmid, V., and Blöcher, H.-L.: Short Range Radar (SRR) -System for Automotive Ap- plication, IEEE MTT/AP German Newsletter, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2004.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–251 of 251
Vexler, J., & Krämer, S. (2023) · International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION) · doi:10.23919/fusion52260.2023.10224226 · Cited by 1
Classifying Aircraft Categories from Magnetometry Data Using a Hypotheses-Based Multi-Task Framework
Vexler, J., & Krämer, S. (2023) · Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications · doi:10.3233/faia230647 · Cited by 1
Kurz, C., Knoch, E.-M., & Gauterin, F. (2023) · IEEE International Automated Vehicle Validation Conference (IAVVC) · doi:10.1109/iavvc57316.2023.10328043 · Cited by 1
Development of MID based fully integrated Radar Systems for the Automotive Industry
Diri, J., Mager, T., Dumitrescu, R., & Mecke, B. (2025) · doi:10.1109/midcongress66428.2025.11547367 · Cited by 1
Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Antenna at 79 GHz for Short-Range Automotive Radar Applications
Saleem, M. K., Alkanhal, M. A. S., & Vettikalladi, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63967-3_15 · Cited by 1
A FMCW-FSK Combined Waveform for Multi-Target Detection in FMCW Radar
Shen, T., Che, W. Q., Deng, K., & Feng, W. J. (2017) · DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering · doi:10.12783/dtcse/cii2017/17234 · Cited by 1
Model Predictive Control of Self-Propelled Work Machines with Spatial Disturbance Preview
Peschke, T., Münch, P., & Görges, D. (2018) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.23919/acc.2018.8431466 · Cited by 1
Leo, E., Maroni, C., Morandin, G., & Pezzola, M. (2018) · AEIT International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AEIT AUTOMOTIVE) · doi:10.23919/eeta.2018.8493218 · Cited by 1
Safe Driving Capacity of Autonomous Vehicles
Wang, Y., & Wei, H. (2018) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference · doi:10.1109/vtcfall.2018.8690822 · Cited by 1
Lindberg, R., Liu, X., Ramachandran, S., & Pašiškevičius, V. (2020) · Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics · doi:10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sth1p.1 · Cited by 1
Development of Smart Vehicle Blind Spot Detection System Based on 24 GHz Radar Sensors
Nor, M. K. M., Hassan, M., Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, U. T. M. M., Wahab, N. A., Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, U. T. M. M., Najib, S., & Kassim, K. A. A. (2020) · International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology · doi:10.35940/ijeat.c6122.029320 · Cited by 1
Microstrip Array Antenna for 24GHz Short-Range Automotive Radar
Song, Z. (2021) · International Conference on Electronic Information Technology and Computer Engineering (EITCE) · doi:10.1145/3501409.3501477 · Cited by 1
Increasing the Security of Smart Cities of the Future Thanks to UWB Technology
Hanzel, K., & Grzechca, D. E. (2022) · Lecture notes in business information processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95947-0_41 · Cited by 1
Moon, J., Yeo, J., Jeong, S., Yoon, P., & Lee, M. (2006) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11893257_52 · Cited by 1
Modelling of LIDAR sensor disturbances by solid airborne particlesPreprint
Hadj-Bachir, M., de Souza, P., Nordqvist, P., & Roy, N. (2021) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2105.04193 · Cited by 1
Investigating the Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on the Transport System
Dilshad, A. M. (2025) · Széchenyi István Egyetem · doi:10.15477/sze.mmtdi.2025.010
Estimation performance with 3D vehicle model of novel positioning algorithm in radar network systems
Yoshida, Y., Hatano, H., Nakai, T., Fujii, M., & Watanabe, Y. (2013) · International Conference on ITS Telecommunications · doi:10.1109/itst.2013.6685536
Error Reduction by Reflected Signals in Automotive Radar Network Systems
Hatano, H., Fujii, M., Ito, A., Watanabe, Y., Yoshida, Y., & Nakai, T. (2015) · IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics Communications and Computer Sciences · doi:10.1587/transfun.e98.a.597
Full physics simulation of terrain‐adaptive 77 GHz automotive radar for early pedestrian detection
Chipengo, U. (2019) · Microwave and Optical Technology Letters · doi:10.1002/mop.31714
“A new approach for the Classification of Advanced Vehicles in Transportation Systems”
Giannattasio, O. (2019) · Transportation Management · doi:10.24294/tm.v0i0.1105
Preußler, S., Schwartau, F., Schoebel, J., & Schneider, T. (2019) · Frequenz · doi:10.1515/freq-2019-0143
Object Detection to Evaluate Image-to-Image Translation on Different Road Conditions
Sudo, F., Hashimoto, Y., & Lisi, G. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39512-4_23
Lei, Z., Zhu, D., Zhang, B., Xu, Z., Zhou, T., Zhong, X., Chen, Z., & Pan, S. (2020) · Real-time Photonic Measurements, Data Management, and Processing · doi:10.1117/12.2575000
Advanced Vehicles: Challenges for Transportation Systems Engineering
Giannattasio, O., & Cantarella, G. E. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94105
Lindberg, R., Liu, X., Ramachandran, S., & Pašiškevičius, V. (2020) · EPJ Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/epjconf/202024315001
Performance of Novel Target Detection in Radar Network Systems with a 3D Vehicle Model
Hatano, H., Fujii, M., Ito, A., Watanabe, Y., Yoshida, Y., & Nakai, T. (2014)
A multi-chirped lidar system for simultaneous detection of distance, velocity and direction
Li, L., zhang, Y., & Pan, S. (2022) · International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology: Optical Communication and Optical Signal Processing (OIT) · doi:10.1117/12.2620688
Müller, M., Bablich, A., Bornemann, R., & Bolívar, P. H. (2022) · IEEE Photonics Conference · doi:10.1109/ipc53466.2022.9975479
High-resolution microwave photonic radar based on coherent fusion of time-coded LFM signal
Yang, F. Z., Ma, C., Kong, J., Zhang, Y., & Pan, S. (2023) · IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility · doi:10.1109/isemc58300.2023.10370404
Antenna Design for Collision Avoidance System in Autonomous Driving Cars
Ahamed, U., Reddy, T. R. Y., M, M. M. T., Vaishnavi, V., & Purushottama, T. L. (2024) · International Conference on Communications and Computer Science (InCCCS) · doi:10.1109/incccs60947.2024.10593111
Beuth, T., Parl, C., & Gotzig, H. (2024) · ATZ/MTZ-Fachbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-38486-9_16
Enhancing Point Cloud Density using MEMS Mirror-based Focusing for LiDAR SystemsPreprint
Li, W. J., Yang, D., Chen, M., Yu, X., Qingjiu, C. H. E. N., & Zhang, G. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4652241/v1 · Cited by 1
Hwang, S., Tae, H.-S., Yeo, S., & Hwang, G.-H. (2024) · Transactions of Korean Society of Automotive Engineers · doi:10.7467/ksae.2024.32.9.703
FMCW lidar combined frequency modulation and frequency shift
Duan, P., & Wang, X. (2024) · National Conference on Laser Technology and Optoelectronics (LTO) · doi:10.1117/12.3038936
Automotive Paint Permittivity Estimation in Low-THz frequency
Xiao, Y., Norouzian, F., Hoare, E. G., Bystrov, A., Gashinova, M. S., & Cherniakov, M. (2024) · UK-Europe-China Workshop on Millimetre Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT) · doi:10.1109/ucmmt62975.2024.10737755
Marcos-Miguel, J., Herrera-Martín, J. M., González‐Posadas, V., & Segovia-Vargas, D. (2025) · European Conference on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.23919/eucap63536.2025.10999531
xLSTM-Based Noise-Robust Driving Characteristic I nference N etwork for V 2I S ystems
Park, S., Eom, C., & Kwon, M. (2025) · Transactions of Korean Society of Automotive Engineers · doi:10.7467/ksae.2025.33.7.487
Phase-change material based external cavity laser for frequency modulated continuous wave LiDAR
Liang, Y., Xv, M., Xie, S., Zhang, Z., Shi, Y., Dong, J., Li, M., & Lü, Y. (2025) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.573340
Kumar, S., Singh, S., Chauhan, S., Kumar, S., & Yadav, R. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0286740
ZOYSA, M. D., Sakata, R., Ishizaki, K., INOUE, T., YOSHIDA, M., & Noda, S. (2023) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.51.4_220
Dual matched filter for FMCW lidar: Enabling better range and velocity measurements
Zhang, P., & Chen, M. (2025) · Optics & Laser Technology · doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.114006
Wang, N., Yao, Z., Xu, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments · doi:10.1109/icemi66537.2025.11306807
Regmi, H., Tavasoli, R., Sur, S., & Nelakuditi, S. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Internet of Things · doi:10.1145/3786764
Passive spectral sensing and localization using interfering automotive FMCW radar signals
Rienessl, L., Gerstmair, M., Schmid, C. M., Stelzer, A., & Feger, R. (2025) · International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies · doi:10.1017/s1759078725102730
A Comprehensive Review of Object Classification and Detection in Autonomous Driving Systems
Kumari, A., Khurana, M., Bhalla, V. K., & Rana, P. S. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15398-2_29
Unmanned intelligent construction in railway infrastructure: a review
Luo, W., Zhu, B., Wang, X., & He, J. (2026) · Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure · doi:10.1093/iti/liag002
Safety System Architecture for the Design of Dependable and Adaptable Autonomous Vehicles
Emzivat, Y. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/95fd2fd4z2f06z426ez9456z7e9af006e0fe · Cited by 1
A vision-based mixed-reality framework for testing autonomous driving systems
Argui, I. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7107c9e5z023dz40e9zb7edz499c7677d063
Pena, R. S., dos Santos, V. C., & Florian, F. (2026) · RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.47820/recima21.v7i7.8508
Metadata
- Authors
- Rasshofer, R. H., & Gresser, K.
- Affiliations
- BMW (Germany) (DE)
- Venue
- Advances in Radio Science
- Publisher
- Copernicus GmbH
- Published
- 2005-05-12
- Volume
- 3
- Pages
- 205-209
- ISSN
- 1684-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1684-9973
- OpenAlex
- W2129577383
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in radio science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Radar Systems and Signal Processing
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Keywords
- automotive radar, LiDAR, driver assistance systems, sensor fusion, sensor modeling, measurement error, sensor cost, virtual prototyping, vehicle safety
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review