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Cited by 834Forest ecology and managementSoil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsEnvironmental and biological studies

Basin-wide variations in Amazon forest structure and function are mediated by both soils and climate

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Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Schwarz, M., Czimczik, C. I., Baker, T. R., Patiño, S., Fyllas, N. M., Hodnett, M. G. +39 more·2012·Biogeosciences
DOI 10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012

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Abstract

Abstract. Forest structure and dynamics vary across the Amazon Basin in an east-west gradient coincident with variations in soil fertility and geology. This has resulted in the hypothesis that soil fertility may play an important role in explaining Basin-wide variations in forest biomass, growth and stem turnover rates. Soil samples were collected in a total of 59 different forest plots across the Amazon Basin and analysed for exchangeable cations, carbon, nitrogen and pH, with several phosphorus fractions of likely different plant availability also quantified. Physical properties were additionally examined and an index of soil physical quality developed. Bivariate relationships of soil and climatic properties with above-ground wood productivity, stand-level tree turnover rates, above-ground wood biomass and wood density were first examined with multivariate regression models then applied. Both forms of analysis were undertaken with and without considerations regarding the underlying spatial structure of the dataset. Despite the presence of autocorrelated spatial structures complicating many analyses, forest structure and dynamics were found to be strongly and quantitatively related to edaphic as well as climatic conditions. Basin-wide differences in stand-level turnover rates are mostly influenced by soil physical properties with variations in rates of coarse wood production mostly related to soil phosphorus status. Total soil P was a better predictor of wood production rates than any of the fractionated organic- or inorganic-P pools. This suggests that it is not only the immediately available P forms, but probably the entire soil phosphorus pool that is interacting with forest growth on longer timescales. A role for soil potassium in modulating Amazon forest dynamics through its effects on stand-level wood density was also detected. Taking this into account, otherwise enigmatic variations in stand-level biomass across the Basin were then accounted for through the interacting effects of soil physical and chemical properties with climate. A hypothesis of self-maintaining forest dynamic feedback mechanisms initiated by edaphic conditions is proposed. It is further suggested that this is a major factor determining endogenous disturbance levels, species composition, and forest productivity across the Amazon Basin.

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  • Soil fertility is another heterogeneity factor that may affect forest resilience, and which may be undermined by disturbances that cause topsoil erosion.

    “Soil fertility is another heterogeneity factor that may affect forest resilience59, and which may be undermined by disturbances that cause topsoil erosion60.”

    From Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system (2024) · cites this paper as [59]

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Authors
Quesada, C. A., Phillips, O. L., Schwarz, M., Czimczik, C. I., Baker, T. R., Patiño, S., Fyllas, N. M., Hodnett, M. G., Herrera, R., Almeida, S., Alvarez Dávila, E., Arneth, A., Arroyo, L., Chao, K. J., Dezzeo, N., Erwin, T., di Fiore, A., Higuchi, N., Honorio Coronado, E., Jimenez, E. M., Killeen, T., Lezama, A. T., Lloyd, G., López-González, G., Luizão, F. J., Malhi, Y., Monteagudo, A., Neill, D. A., Núñez Vargas, P., Paiva, R., Peacock, J., Peñuela, M. C., Peña Cruz, A., Pitman, N., Priante Filho, N., Prieto, A., Ramírez, H., Rudas, A., Salomão, R., Santos, A. J. B., Schmerler, J., Silva, N., Silveira, M., Vásquez, R., Vieira, I., Terborgh, J., & Lloyd, J.
Affiliations
  • University of Leeds (GB)
  • Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (DE)
  • UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
  • Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (VE)
  • Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (BR)
  • Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE)
  • Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado (BO)
  • Smithsonian Institution (US)
  • Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (BR)
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CO)
  • Conservation International (US)
  • Universidad de Los Andes (VE)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • National University of Saint Anthony the Abbot in Cuzco (PE)
  • Duke University (US)
  • Universidade de Brasília (BR)
  • Embrapa (BR)
  • Universidade Federal do Acre (BR)
  • Jardín Botánico de Missouri (PE)
ORCID
Venue
Biogeosciences
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2012-06-22
Volume
9
Issue
6
Pages
2203-2246
ISSN
  • 1726-4170 (ISSN-L)
  • 1726-4189
DOI
10.5194/bg-9-2203-2012
OpenAlex
W2121361055
Cited by
834
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 69 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 16
FWCI
43.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biogeosciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Repositorio Institucional UN - Biblioteca Digital (acceptedVersion)
  • NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
  • Hispana (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • ResearchOnline - JCU (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
  • MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • UPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • KITopen (cc-by)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
  • Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
  • University of Leeds
  • European Commission
  • Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
  • Fifth Framework Programme
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Forest ecology and management
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Environmental and biological studies
Keywords
forest dynamics, soil fertility, soil phosphorus, soil physical properties, soil potassium, climate change impacts on forests, aboveground biomass, wood density, wood productivity, spatial autocorrelation, Amazon basin

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