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Cited by 55Water Quality and Resources StudiesSoil Geostatistics and MappingGroundwater and Isotope Geochemistry

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A European map of groundwater pH and calcium

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Hájek, Michal, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Hájek, Ondřej, Brancaleoni, Lisa, Cantonati, Marco, Carbognani, Michele, Dedić, Anita, Dítě, Daniel, Gerdol, Renato, Hájková, Petra, Horsáková, Veronika, Jansen, Florian, Kamberović, Jasmina, Kapfer, Jutta, Kolari, Tiina Hilkka Maria, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Lazarević, Predrag, Mašić, Ermin, Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Peterka, Tomáš, Petraglia, Alessandro, Pladevall-Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Segadelli, Stefano, Semeniuk, Yuliya, Singh, Patrícia, Šímová, Anna, Šmerdová, Eva, Tahvanainen, Teemu, Tomaselli, Marcello, Vystavna, Yuliya, Biţă-Nicolae, Claudia, Horsák, Michal·2021·Earth System Science Data
DOI 10.5194/essd-13-1089-2021

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Abstract

Water resources and associated ecosystems are becoming highly endangered due to ongoing global environmental changes. Spatial ecological modelling is a promising toolbox for understanding the past, present and future distribution and diversity patterns in groundwater-dependent ecosystems, such as fens, springs, streams, reed beds or wet grasslands. Still, the lack of detailed water chemistry maps prevents the use of reasonable models to be applied on continental and global scales. Being major determinants of biological composition and diversity of groundwater-dependent ecosystems, groundwater pH and calcium are of utmost importance. Here we developed an up-to-date European map of groundwater pH and Ca, based on 7577 measurements of near-surface groundwater pH and calcium distributed across Europe. In comparison to the existing European groundwater maps, we included several times more sites, especially in the regions rich in spring and fen habitats, and filled the apparent gaps in eastern and southeastern Europe. We used random forest models and regression kriging to create continuous maps of water pH and calcium at the continental scale, which is freely available also as a raster map (Hájek et al., 2020b; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4139912). Lithology had a higher importance than climate for both pH and calcium. The previously recognised latitudinal and altitudinal gradients were rediscovered with much refined regional patterns, as associated with bedrock variation. For ecological models of distribution and diversity of many terrestrial ecosystems, our new map based on field groundwater measurements is more suitable than maps of soil pH, which mirror not only bedrock chemistry but also vegetation-dependent soil processes.

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Metadata

Authors
Hájek, M., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Hájek, O., Brancaleoni, L., Cantonati, M., Carbognani, M., Dedić, A., Dítě, D., Gerdol, R., Hájková, P., Horsáková, V., Jansen, F., Kamberović, J., Kapfer, J., Kolari, T. H. M., Lamentowicz, M., Lazarević, P., Mašić, E., Moeslund, J. E., Pérez-Haase, A., Peterka, T., Petraglia, A., Pladevall-Izard, E., Plesková, Z., Segadelli, S., Semeniuk, Y., Singh, P., Šímová, A., Šmerdová, E., Tahvanainen, T., Tomaselli, M., Vystavna, Y., Biţă-Nicolae, C., & Horsák, M.
Affiliations
  • Masaryk University (CZ)
  • University of Ferrara (IT)
  • Museo delle Scienze (IT)
  • University of Parma (IT)
  • University of Mostar (BA)
  • Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK)
  • University of Rostock (DE)
  • University of Tuzla (BA)
  • Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NO)
  • University of Eastern Finland (FI)
  • Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (PL)
  • University of Belgrade (RS)
  • University of Sarajevo (BA)
  • Aarhus University (DK)
  • Regione Emilia-Romagna (IT)
  • Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
  • Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CZ)
Corresponding author
  • Hájek, Michal
  • Hájek, Ondřej
  • Brancaleoni, Lisa
  • Cantonati, Marco
  • Carbognani, Michele
  • Dedić, Anita
  • Dítě, Daniel
  • Gerdol, Renato
  • Hájková, Petra
  • Horsáková, Veronika
  • Jansen, Florian
  • Kamberović, Jasmina
  • Kapfer, Jutta
  • Kolari, Tiina Hilkka Maria
  • Lamentowicz, Mariusz
  • Lazarević, Predrag
  • Mašić, Ermin
  • Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold
  • Peterka, Tomáš
  • Petraglia, Alessandro
  • Plesková, Zuzana
  • Segadelli, Stefano
  • Semeniuk, Yuliya
  • Singh, Patrícia
  • Šímová, Anna
  • Šmerdová, Eva
  • Tahvanainen, Teemu
  • Tomaselli, Marcello
  • Vystavna, Yuliya
  • Horsák, Michal
ORCID
Venue
Earth System Science Data
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Published
2021-03-17
Volume
13
Issue
3
Pages
1089-1105
ISSN
  • 1866-3508 (ISSN-L)
  • 1866-3516
DOI
10.5194/essd-13-1089-2021
OpenAlex
W3106494006
Cited by
55
References
102
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 7
FWCI
2.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Earth system science data (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Scopus (Elsevier) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Grantová Agentura České Republiky (19-01775S, GX19-28491X)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Water Quality and Resources Studies
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Geostatistics and Mapping
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Keywords
groundwater pH, groundwater-dependent ecosystems, springs, fens, bedrock lithology, latitudinal gradient, elevation gradient, regression kriging, random forest, water chemistry

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