Cited by 461Advanced Polymer Synthesis and CharacterizationCoordination Chemistry and OrganometallicsOrganometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis

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Anionic Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

Morton, Maurice, Fetters, Lewis J.·1975·Rubber Chemistry and Technology

DOI 10.5254/1.3547458

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Abstract

Addition polymerizations involving soluble organometallic species have received intensive attention in recent years with special reference to the type of counterion and solvent. An anionic mechanism is proposed for those systems where there is good reason to assume that the metal is strongly electropositive relative to the carbon (or other) atom at the tip of the growing chain. Hence, the metal, e.g. lithium, becomes a cation either in the free state or coupled with the growing carbanion. Under the appropriate experimental conditions, spontaneous termination is avoidable in many of those systems when one of the metals of Group I is used as the counterion. The alkali metals sodium and potassium were revealed to be polymerization initiators of isoprene in the disclosures of Matthews and Strange in 1910 and Harries in 1911. The first unambiguous report of the use of lithium in reactions with diolefins appears to be that of Ziegler and coworkers in 1934. Their work consisted of an investigation of the reaction between the alkali metals (lithium, sodium) or alkyllithium species and butadiene, isoprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, or piperylene.

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Authors: Morton, M., & Fetters, L. J.
Affiliations: University of Akron (US)
Venue: Rubber Chemistry and Technology
Publisher: Rubber Division, ACS
Published: 1975-07
Volume: 48
Issue: 3
Pages: 359-409
ISSN: 0035-9475 (ISSN-L)
1943-4804
DOI: 10.5254/1.3547458
OpenAlex: W2176601295
Cited by: 461
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 6.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Rubber Chemistry and Technology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Coordination Chemistry and Organometallics
Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Organometallic Complex Synthesis and Catalysis
Keywords: anionic polymerization, vinyl monomers, organometallic initiators, alkali metal counterions, lithium, sodium, potassium, carbanions, spontaneous termination, isoprene polymerization, butadiene polymerization, dienes, lithium alkyls

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Anionic Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers

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