Cervical Cancer Screening in Postmenopausal Women Referring to Hamadan Comprehensive Health Centers
Open accessAbstract
Background and Objective: Cervical cancer is the sixth most common cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women.Therefore, the importance of screening programs such as cervical screening tests in the early diagnosis of this disease is highlighted.Therefore, the present study aimed to screen cervical cancer in postmenopausal women referred to comprehensive health services centers of Hamadan. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 108 postmenopausal women referred to the comprehensive health services centers of Hamadan were selected through cluster sampling in 1397.In this study, data were collected by interviewing women based on a research ermade questionnaire consisted of two parts.After data collection, data were analyzed using SPSS24 software and the significance level of tests was 5%.Results: Results showed that the mean age of participants was 55.39 + 3.71.The mean number of Pap smears performed by women was 2.21 + 1.71 times.Also, 29.6% of women had Pap smear tests.27.8% of women referred to health centers or doctors for information about Pap smear tests.18.5% of women had Pap smear tests regularly.13.9% of women went to health centers or doctors to find out about the results of Pap smear tests.10.2% referred to a physician for treatment if they suspected Pap smear results.There was a significant relationship between the number of deliveries and duration of menopause with screening (P<0.05).But there was no statistically significant relationship between other variables with screening (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is recommended to train women in cervical cancer and its screening method at the appropriate time in counseling centers and comprehensive health services.Adequate awareness of women about early diagnosis is recommended.It is also recommended that research be done with a larger sample size, and interventions to screen for cervical cancer and preventive behaviors.
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Women face many cultural, emotional, functional, social, religious, geographical and economic barriers to receiving Pap smear services, including lack of knowledge, lack of doctor's advice, stress, embarrassment, high cost, busy work, lack of privacy, fear of positive test result, and aggressiveness of follow-up procedures.
“Among the reasons for not adhering to this test are lack of knowledge about the need for Pap smear, lack of doctor’s advice, stress, embarrassment caused by the test, high cost, busy work, lack of privacy, fear of the positive test result, aggressiveness of the follow-up procedures (if the test turns positive) [11–13].”
From Effectiveness of educational intervention on women’s participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
The Abstract (page not provided) reports Pap smear screening rates among postmenopausal women and recommends improving awareness, but it does not identify reasons women did not adhere to screening. Searches for the listed barriers, including embarrassment and lack of knowledge, found no passage linking them to nonadherence in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFew interventional studies have been conducted in Iran based on the PEN-3 model.
“In Iran, few interventional studies have been conducted based on the PEN-3 model [11, 16].”
From Effectiveness of educational intervention on women’s participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model (2022) · cites this paper as [11]
The Methods in the paper’s Abstract describe a cross-sectional cervical-screening study in Hamadan, and its Conclusion recommends future interventions. Neither those passages nor searches for “PEN-3” and Iranian model-based intervention studies address how many PEN-3 interventions have been conducted in Iran. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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Research works printed but not linked: 17
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Sorted by citations
Seyrafi, N., Homayuni, A., Hosseini, Z., Aghamolaei, T., Ghanbarnejad, A., & Mouseli, A. (2022) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-022-10331-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Parsa, P., Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, H. U. O. M. S., Aghababaii, S., Assistant Professor, M. A. C. C. R. C., llah Roshanaei, G., Associate Professor, D. O. B., Rahmani, S., & School of Nursing and Midwifery, H. U. O. M. S.
- Affiliations
- Hamedan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- ORCID
- Parsa, Parisa
- Venue
- Pajouhan Scientific Journal
- Publisher
- CMV Verlag
- Published
- 2020-01-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 58-63
- ISSN
- 1024-4913 (ISSN-L)
- 1029-7863
- 2423-6276
- OpenAlex
- W3003171264
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- fa
- Open access
- diamond
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Pajouhan Scientific Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Keywords
- cervical cancer screening, postmenopausal women, Pap smear, screening uptake, health care utilization, menopause duration, parity, health education, early diagnosis
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