Urine phthalate determinations as an index of occupational exposure to phthalic anhydride and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Open accessAbstract
Although it has been estimated that over 600 000 workers in the United States are exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), an animal carcinogen, and that over 100 000 are exposed to phthalic anhydride (PA), few data are available on levels of phthalates in biological fluids of these workers. For a determination of occupational exposure to PA and DEHP at a plant manufacturing DEHP from PA and 2-ethylhexanol, air samples were taken for PA and DEHP, and pre- and postshift urine samples were collected for the determination of total phthalates. Urine samples were obtained from 48 workers in jobs with high exposure to phthalates and from 47 workers in jobs with low exposure. The airborne concentrations of DEHP ranged from 20 to 4 110 micrograms/m3, and the concentrations of PA ranged from 4 to 203 micrograms/m3. The most heavily exposed workers had the highest mean postshift urine phthalate concentration (geometric mean 7.6 nmol/ml) (p = 0.015), and also the greatest mean increase (4.4 nmol/ml) in preshift to postshift urine phthalate levels. Twofold increases over the shift in urine phthalate concentration and postshift phthalate levels of greater than 10 nmol/ml were observed in 8 (25%) of 32 chemical operators, but in none of 52 other workers. These data suggest that measurement of urine phthalate levels may have utility for monitoring the exposure of workers manufacturing or using PA.
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Phthalate metabolite distributions vary depending on the route of entry.
“Phthalate metabo lite distributions vary depending on the route of entry (Krais et al., 2018; Liss et al., 1985; Peck and Albro, 1982).”
From Human skin absorption of three phthalates (2024) · cites this paper as Liss et al., 1985
The Discussion reports that monoethylhexyl phthalate was not detected in the workers’ urine, while it was known as a major metabolite in leukemia patients. But it explicitly says the metabolic fate of DEHP after inhalation or topical exposure in healthy humans was unknown; it does not establish that route of entry determines metabolite distributions. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Autian J. Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: Review of the literature. Environ Health Perspect 4 (1973) 3-26.
- Draviam EJ, Kerkay J, Pearson KH. Separation and quantitation of urinary phthalates by HPLC. Anal Lett 13 (1980) 1137-1155.
- Draviam EJ, Pearson KH , Kerkay J . Human metabo- lism of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Anal Lett 15 (1982) 1729-1750.
- Thomas JA, Darby TD, Wallin RF, Garvin PJ, Martis L. A review of the biological effects of di-(2-ethyl- hexyl)phthalate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 45 (1978) 1-27. Received for publication: 11 June 1984
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Human skin absorption of three phthalates
Hopf, N. B., De Luca, H. P., Borgatta, M., Koch, H. M., Pälmke, C., Benedetti, M., Berthet, A., & Reale, E. (2024) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.05.016 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Liss, G. M., Albro, P. W., Hartle, R. W., & Stringer, W. T.
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
- Published
- 1985-10
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 381-387
- ISSN
- 0355-3140 (ISSN-L)
- 1795-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2313018223
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Keywords
- phthalate exposure, phthalic anhydride, DEHP, urinary phthalate metabolites, occupational exposure assessment, biomonitoring, chemical plant workers, 2-ethylhexanol
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Occupational, Chemistry, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Humans, Phthalic Acids, Phthalic Anhydrides, Chemical Phenomena
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