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The impacts of sexual extortion on minors: A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Sexual extortion of children is a growing global issue in which a perpetrator threatens to distribute intimate material of a victim unless they comply with certain demands. This study systematically reviewed research into the impacts of sexual extortion victimisation on minors. Twelve studies were included, which varied methodologically. Victims of sexual extortion who are under the age of 18 experience diverse short- and long-term impacts, including psychological harm, socio-environmental impacts, financial costs, risk of ongoing victimisation, and offending and criminal justice involvement. These findings support targeted approaches to reduce sexual extortion of minors, while also highlighting the support needs of victims.
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“Victims commonly experience trauma symptoms including shame, helplessness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and difficulties trusting others (Ray and Henry 2024; Wolbers et al. 2025).”
From AI-generated child sexual abuse material: what’s the harm? (2026) · cites this paper as Wolbers et al. 2025
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AI-generated child sexual abuse material: what’s the harm?
Ó Ciardha, C., Buckley, J., & Portnoff, R. S. (2026) · AI & SOCIETY · doi:10.1007/s00146-026-02932-y · Cited by 9
“Victims commonly experience trauma symptoms including shame, helplessness, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and difficulties trusting others (Ray and Henry 2024; Wolbers et al. 2025).”
Mathews, B., Parvin, K., Walsh, K., Finkelhor, D., Higgins, D. J., Scott, J. G., Napier, S. S., Burton, M., Nicholas, M., Noll, J. G., et al. (2025) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100581 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCharacteristics of image‑based sexual abuse recorded by police
Sullivan, T., & McAlister, M. (2025) · Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks · doi:10.52922/sb78038
Online victimization of minors: a criminological analysis
Săvulescu, N.-I. (2026) · Development Through Research and Innovation (IDSC) · doi:10.53486/dri2026.86
Pathways to onset of contact child sexual abuse
Wolbers, H., Wrightson-Hester, A., Yap, A., Napier, S. S., & Dowling, C. (2026) · Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks · doi:10.52922/ti78366
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wolbers, H., Cubitt, T., Carter, R., & Napier, S.
- Venue
- Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks
- Publisher
- Australian Institute of Criminology
- Published
- 2025-01-23
- OpenAlex
- W4406722166
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 0.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Keywords
- child sexual exploitation, child victimization, psychological harm, socio-environmental impacts, financial costs, revictimization, offending, criminal justice involvement, victim support
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The impacts of sexual extortion on minors: A systematic review. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.52922/ti77789
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- Wolbers, H., Cubitt, T., Carter, R., & Napier, S. (2025). The impacts of sexual extortion on minors: A systematic review. Australian Institute of Criminology eBooks. https://doi.org/10.52922/ti77789