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Co-creating Artificial Intelligence: Designing and Enhancing Democratic AI Solutions Through Citizen Science
Open accessAbstract
Although artificial intelligence (AI) is omnipresent in our everyday lives, the level of awareness and knowledge among the general population remains mixed. The lack of understanding is particularly prevalent among older adults, and people with a low education and income. To bridge this knowledge gap and to empower individuals to become informed AI users, further outreach and awareness raising is necessary. This article presents a case study in Flanders (Belgium), called the amai! program (Flemish slang for “oh my!”). The program invites participants to voice their ideas or societal problems they wish to solve through AI and to be involved in the development of citizen-driven research projects. Using a citizen science (CS) approach, ideas are collected through a centralized platform and eventually realized through an open project call with partners from industry, civil society, and research institutions. As a result, 988 ideas have been submitted through the program’s platform and 14 are being realized in the domains of mobility, climate, health, and work. Here, we outline a phase-based approach for setting up citizen-driven research projects, as well as lessons learned on how to sensitize and activate citizens. Guidelines are also provided on how to involve participants to become aware and learn about science and technology, especially those with no prior knowledge or interest. Overall, this case study demonstrates how AI innovation and governance can be democratized through citizen participation and can build capacities in a fun and accessible way.
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“Among citizen science projects, the most common way of integrating AI is by having participants train algorithms (Chandler et al., 2025;DeSpain et al., 2024;Duerinckx et al., 2024, p. 3;Jia et al., 2025;See et al., 2025).”
From Deepfakes, Democracy, and the Ethics of Synthetic Media: A Synthesis of the SOLARIS Project (2026) · cites this paper as Duerinckx et al., 2024
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References 16 · Cited by 5
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Metadata
- Authors
- Duerinckx, A., Veeckman, C., Verstraelen, K., Singh, N., Van Laer, J., Vaes, M., Vandooren, C., & Duysburgh, P.
- Affiliations
- Scivil (BE)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Duerinckx, Annelies
- Venue
- Citizen Science: Theory and Practice
- Publisher
- Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
- Published
- 2024
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2057-4991 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4405195296
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 2.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Citizen Science Theory and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Innovative Approaches in Technology and Social Development
- Keywords
- citizen science, artificial intelligence, citizen participation, AI awareness, AI literacy, co-creation, AI governance, knowledge gaps, Flanders
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- Duerinckx, A., Veeckman, C., Verstraelen, K., Singh, N., Van Laer, J., Vaes, M., Vandooren, C., & Duysburgh, P. (2024). Co-creating Artificial Intelligence: Designing and Enhancing Democratic AI Solutions Through Citizen Science. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.732
