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A Content Analysis of the WH-Questions in the EFL Textbook of Horizons
Open accessAbstract
This study dealt with analysis of the study units in the textbook Horizons for 9th-grade students studying English in mixed ability classes. The study sought to examine the variety in the cognitive level represented by the WH-questions in the textbook according to Bloom's taxonomy. The study also attempted to examine the extent in which the WH-questions in the textbook emphasize high-level thinking, and whether the textbook aided students in developing cognitive skills.The study attempted to answer the following question:To what extent are the WH-questions in the six levels of the cognitive domain varied or frequent in the textbook of Horizons? Content analysis was conducted for the six study units in the textbook Horizons. The researcher chose the question as the unit for analysis for his research. The question is defined as a WH-question - in other words - a question beginning with a wh-word and ending with a question mark.The questions were collected, listed, and analyzed according to Bloom's Taxonomy: low order thinking skills: knowledge, comprehension, and application, and high order thinking skills: analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. The researcher then calculated the percentage and frequencies in which each level of cognition appeared for each separate unit and for all six units combined. The results indicated that the research tools used by the two analysts were valid and reliable. The results showed that 244 questions emphasized levels of cognition representing lower order thinking skills, while only 137 questions emphasized the three higher order thinking skills. The questions in the Horizons textbook place a great deal of emphasis upon comprehension, which is one of the lower order thinking skills. Additional studies are recommended in the area of content analysis of English instruction textbooks intended for various age levels in the Arab Sector. Such studies would shed light upon the role of textbooks in developing cognitive skills among Arab students.
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“Despite asmall percentage, it is noteworthy that two studies (Freahat & Smadi, 2014; Igbaria, 2013) focused on 'WH-questions' ofthe given texts”
From Investigating Critical Thinking in ELT Textbooks: A Systematic Literature Review of Textbook Evaluation Studies (2024) · cites this paper as Igbaria, 2013
In the citing paper
“For example, in, Assaly and Smadi (2015) and in Igbaria (2013), the researchers constructed alist ofcritical thinking skills containing definitions and concepts ofsix criti -cal thinking levels from Bloom's taxonomy and presented it to a committee of experts from their specialised field prior to analysis to validate the opera -tional definition ofthe research in”
From Investigating Critical Thinking in ELT Textbooks: A Systematic Literature Review of Textbook Evaluation Studies (2024) · cites this paper as Igbaria (2013)
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Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to Evaluate the Cognitive Levels of Master Class Textbook’s Questions
R. Assaly, I., & M. Smadi, O. (2015) · English Language Teaching · doi:10.5539/elt.v8n5p100 · Cited by 92
Soe, T. (2024) · Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition · doi:10.31261/tapsla.13882 · Cited by 5
“Despite a small percentage, it is noteworthy that two studies (Freahat & Smadi, 2014; Igbaria, 2013) focused on “WH-questions” of the given texts with the theoretical standpoint that questions motivate learners to solve problems and activate learners’ critical thinking skills.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Igbaria, A. K.
- Affiliations
- An-Najah National University (PS)
- Corresponding author
- Igbaria, Abdul Kareem
- Venue
- International Education Studies
- Published
- 2013-06-24
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 7
- ISSN
- 1913-9020 (ISSN-L)
- 1913-9039
- OpenAlex
- W2025448983
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 11.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- International Education Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Social Sciences › Education › Education and Critical Thinking Development
- Keywords
- wh-questions, EFL textbooks, Bloom's taxonomy, cognitive levels, higher-order thinking skills, lower order thinking skills, textbook analysis, English as a foreign language, ninth grade, mixed-ability classes, Arab students
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Content Analysis of the WH-Questions in the EFL Textbook of Horizons. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5539/ies.v6n7p200
- The paper
- Igbaria, A. K. (2013). A Content Analysis of the WH-Questions in the EFL Textbook of Horizons. International Education Studies. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n7p200
