Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index is Independently Associated with Future Cardiovascular Events in Outpatients with Metabolic Disorders
Open accessAbstract
AIM: We investigated whether cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), an arterial stiffness marker, independently predicts future cardiovascular events in subjects with metabolic disorders. METHODS: 1562 outpatients underwent CAVI between April 2004 and March 2006 at Toho University, Sakura Medical Center in Chiba, Japan. Patients who already had cardiovascular events at baseline, patients with low ankle brachial index (＜0.9), and patients with atrial fibrillation were excluded. After exclusion, 1080 subjects with metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia were screened and followed prospectively. RESULTS: Eventually, 1003 subjects (92.9% of 1,080 subjects) followed until March 2012 (follow-up duration 6.7±1.6 years) were analyzed. During the observation period, 90 subjects had new-onset myocardial infarction or angina pectoris confirmed by angiography. All subjects were stratified into quartiles by baseline CAVI (Q1: CAVI ≤8.27, Q2: CAVI 8.28-9.19, Q3: CAVI 9.20-10.08, Q4: CAVI ≥10.09). Age, male ratio and future cardiovascular events increased as CAVI quartile became higher. In Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the factors independently associated with higher risk of future cardiovascular events were every 1.0 increment of CAVI [hazard ratio (HR) 1.126, p= 0.039], male gender (HR 2.276, p=0.001), smoking (HR 1.846, p=0.007), diabetes mellitus (HR 1.702,p=0.020), and hypertension (HR 1.682, p=0.023). CONCLUSION: In individuals with metabolic disorders, CAVI was a predictor of future cardiovascular events, independent of traditional coronary risk factors. CAVI is a potentially valuable tool to identify persons likely to benefit from more intensive therapeutic approaches.
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A high CAVI value is associated with a high frequency of cardiovascular events.
“Prospective surveys on cardiovascular events have revealed that a high CAVI value is associated with a high frequency of cardiovascular events30).”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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References 43 · Cited by 112
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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- Authors
- Sato, Y., Nagayama, D., Saiki, A., Watanabe, R., Watanabe, Y., Imamura, H., Yamaguchi, T., Ban, N., Kawana, H., Nagumo, A., Ohira, M., Endo, K., Kurosu, T., Tomaru, T., Shirai, K., & Tatsuno, I.
- Affiliations
- Toho University (JP)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
- Publisher
- Japan Atherosclerosis Society
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 596-605
- ISSN
- 1340-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1880-3873
- OpenAlex
- W2340218210
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- cardio-ankle vascular index, arterial stiffness, cardiovascular risk prediction, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, coronary risk factors, outpatients
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Angina Pectoris, Ankle, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Outpatients, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Dyslipidemias, Ankle Brachial Index, Vascular Stiffness
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