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Cited by 18Cardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

Sex and Age Differences in the Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components including A Body Shape Index on Arterial Stiffness in the General Population

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Kim, Sunmie, Choi, Su-Yeon, Lee, Heesun, Ju Kim, Jin, Eun Park, Hyo·2022·Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
DOI 10.5551/jat.63371PMC PMC9881533
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Abstract

AIM: We investigated the effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, including a body shape index (ABSI), on increased arterial stiffness measured using the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) according to sex and age strata. METHODS: A total of 7127 asymptomatic Korean participants aged 21-90 years (men, 69.4%) were included. Age-sex-specific increased CAVI was defined as having the highest quartile of CAVI in each age group. RESULTS: The CAVI increased with age and was higher in men. MetS was associated with an increased risk of high CAVI by 1.30 times in men and 1.45 times in women. The risk of high CAVI with an increasing MetS risk score was greater in women. MetS was significantly associated with increased CAVI in men only aged 51-70 years and in women aged ≥ 51 years, and the size of association increased with age (odds ratio (OR) of 1.41 in 51-70 years vs. OR of 2.96 in ≥ 71 years of women). Among MetS components, triglyceride (men, all ages), hypertension (men, 51-70 years; women, ≤ 70 years), glucose intolerance (men, 51-70 years; women, ≥ 51 years), and HDL-cholesterol (women, ≥ 71 years) were associated with increased CAVI.Unlike increased waist circumference (WC), increased ABSI revealed an association with high CAVI. MetS diagnosed with ABSI instead of WC was more significantly associated with increased CAVI in all age-sex groups. CONCLUSION: The association of MetS and its components with increased CAVI differed with age and sex, which might provide a new insight for the management of MetS risk factors to promote vascular health.

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  • The risk or prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases with age.

    “Data from the National Institute of Health (NIH) indicate that the risk of MetS also increases with age [4].”

    From Machine learning with the body roundness index and associated indicators: a new approach to predicting metabolic syndrome (2025) · cites this paper as [20]

    The Results section reports that metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly with age in women, but found no age-related difference in men. The cited paper therefore supports the claim only for women in its study population, not as an unqualified statement; the passage also does not identify the finding as NIH data. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kim, S., Choi, S.-Y., Lee, H., Ju Kim, J., & Eun Park, H.
Affiliations
  • Seoul National University (KR)
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis
Publisher
Japan Atherosclerosis Society
Published
2022-12-01
Volume
29
Issue
12
Pages
1774-1790
ISSN
  • 1340-3478 (ISSN-L)
  • 1880-3873
DOI
10.5551/jat.63371
PMC
PMC9881533
OpenAlex
W4220739761
Cited by
18
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4
FWCI
2.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
metabolic syndrome, arterial stiffness, cardio-ankle vascular index, body shape index, sex differences, age differences, waist circumference, triglycerides, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, HDL cholesterol, vascular health
MeSH terms
Cardio Ankle Vascular Index, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist Circumference, Vascular Stiffness

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