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Cited by 18Iron Metabolism and DisordersExercise and Physiological ResponsesSports Performance and Training

The effect of the competitive season in professional basketball on inflammation and iron metabolism

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Dzedzej, Anna, Ignatiuk, Wojciech, Jaworska, Joanna, Grzywacz, Tomasz, Lipińska, Patrycja, Antosiewicz, Jedrzej, Korek, Arkadiusz, Ziemann, Ewa·2016·Biology of Sport
DOI 10.5604/20831862.1201811PMC PMC4993137
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Abstract

Following acute physical activity, blood hepcidin concentration appears to increase in response to exercise-induced inflammation, but the long-term impact of exercise on hepcidin remains unclear. Here we investigated changes in hepcidin and the inflammation marker interleukin-6 to evaluate professional basketball players' response to a season of training and games. The analysis also included vitamin D (25(OH)D3) assessment, owing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Blood samples were collected for 14 players and 10 control non-athletes prior to and after the 8-month competitive season. Athletes' performance was assessed with the NBA efficiency score. At the baseline hepcidin correlated with blood ferritin (r = 0.61; 90% CL ±0.31), but at the end of the season this correlation was absent. Compared with the control subjects, athletes experienced clear large increases in hepcidin (50%; 90% CI 15-96%) and interleukin-6 (77%; 90% CI 35-131%) and a clear small decrease in vitamin D (-12%; 90% CI -20 to -3%) at the season completion. Correlations between change scores of these variables were unclear (r = -0.21 to 0.24, 90% CL ±0.5), but their uncertainty generally excluded strong relationships. Athletes were hence concluded to have experienced acute inflammation at the beginning but chronic inflammation at the end of the competitive season. At the same time, the moderate correlation between changes in vitamin D and players' performance (r = 0.43) was suggestive of its beneficial influence. Maintaining the appropriative concentration of vitamin D is thus necessary for basketball players' performance and efficiency. The assessment of hepcidin has proven to be useful in diagnosing inflammation in response to chronic exercise.

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Crossref · 10.5604/20831862.1201811

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  • In subjects with initially low serum 25(OH)D, there was an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α and IL-6) secretion.

    “In subjects with initially low serum of 25(OH)D, there was an increase in pro-inflammatory e.g., TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine, secretion [19,45].”

    From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Results report that IL-6 increased over the competitive season, and the Discussion says vitamin D was low at the first assessment and that worsening deficiency could be one cause of inflammation (page numbers unavailable). The paper does not establish that initially low 25(OH)D increased cytokine secretion: it describes the vitamin D–inflammation relationship as uncertain and did not measure TNF-α secretion. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • An increase in serum 25(OH)D levels could decrease cortisol secretion and stress levels.

    “Therefore, an increase in serum 25(OH)D levels could decrease cortisol secretion and stress levels [19].”

    From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Introduction and Discussion describe vitamin D’s anti-inflammatory effects, and the Methods describe measuring serum 25(OH)D3. Neither those passages nor the passages retrieved by searching for cortisol and stress say that increasing 25(OH)D decreases cortisol secretion or stress levels. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.75)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In athletes, those cytokines intensify damage in muscle and enhance the risk of injury.

    “In athletes, those cytokines intensify damage in muscle and enhance the risk of injury [19,45].”

    From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Introduction links exercise-induced inflammation to iron metabolism and possible muscle regeneration, while the Discussion reports increased IL-6 during the basketball season. Neither section says that cytokines intensify muscle damage or increase injury risk; searches for those outcomes found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Authors
Dzedzej, A., Ignatiuk, W., Jaworska, J., Grzywacz, T., Lipińska, P., Antosiewicz, J., Korek, A., & Ziemann, E.
Affiliations
  • Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport (PL)
  • Instytut Sportu (PL)
  • Asseco (Poland) (PL)
Corresponding author
Ziemann, Ewa
ORCID
Venue
Biology of Sport
Publisher
Index Copernicus
Published
2016-05-03
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
223-229
ISSN
  • 0860-021X (ISSN-L)
  • 2083-1862
DOI
10.5604/20831862.1201811
PMC
PMC4993137
OpenAlex
W2509157842
Cited by
18
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
FWCI
3.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Biology of Sport (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
hepcidin, iron metabolism, exercise-induced inflammation, professional basketball players, interleukin-6, vitamin D, ferritin, exercise training, athletic performance

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