CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 264Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Waist-hip ratio is the dominant risk factor predicting cardiovascular death in Australia

Welborn, Timothy A, Dhaliwal, Satvinder S, Bennett, Stanley A·2003·Medical Journal of Australia
DOI 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05704.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical measures of obesity for their ability to predict death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD), in parallel with conventional cardiovascular risk factors. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis of an age- and sex-stratified sample of 9206 adults aged 20-69 years from Australian capital cities (1989 Australian Risk Factor Prevalence Survey). Blood pressure, fasting serum lipid levels, smoking, history of heart disease or diabetes, and obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were recorded. These data were linked with the National Death Index to determine causes of death of the 473 survey subjects who had died to 31 December 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hazard ratios for the risk factors predicting CVD mortality and CHD mortality. RESULTS: Of the modifiable risk factors, obesity, as measured by waist-hip ratio, is a dominant, independent, predictive variable for CVD and CHD deaths in Australian men and women. Self-reported angina/myocardial infarction in both sexes, and cigarette smoking in women, are also independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity assessed by waist-hip ratio is a better predictor of CVD and CHD mortality than waist circumference, which, in turn, is a better predictor than BMI. The recognition of central obesity is clinically important, as lifestyle intervention is likely to provide significant health benefits.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05704.x

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 28 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. World Health Organization, 1998, Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation on Obesity
  2. Risk Factor Prevalence Study Management Committee, 1990, Risk factor prevalence study survey — No. 3, 1989
  3. World Health Organization, 1977, International Classification of Diseases. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, 9th revision (ICD‐9)
  4. World Health Organization, 1998, International Classification of Diseases. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, 10th revision (ICD‐10)

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 201–262 of 262

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Welborn, T. A., Dhaliwal, S. S., & Bennett, S. A.
Affiliations
  • Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (AU)
  • Curtin University (AU)
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AU)
ORCID
Venue
Medical Journal of Australia
Publisher
AMPCo
Published
2003-12
Volume
179
Issue
11
Pages
580-585
ISSN
  • 0025-729X (ISSN-L)
  • 1326-5377
DOI
10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05704.x
OpenAlex
W67916611
Cited by
264
References
28
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
FWCI
6.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • The Medical Journal of Australia (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Healthway
  • National Heart Foundation of Australia
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
waist-to-hip ratio, cardiovascular mortality, coronary heart disease mortality, obesity, abdominal obesity, waist circumference, body mass index, cardiovascular risk factors, cigarette smoking, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, Australian adults
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Australia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Waist-Hip Ratio

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review