Characteristics of Proteolytic Microorganisms and Their Effects on Proteolysis in Total Mixed Ration Silages of Soybean Curd Residue
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to isolate proteolytic microorganisms and evaluate their effects on proteolysis in total mixed ration (TMR) silages of soybean curd residue. METHODS: TMRs were formulated with soybean curd residue, alfalfa or Leymus chinensis hay, corn meal, soybean meal, a vitamin-mineral supplement, and salt in a ratio of 25.0:40.0:30.0:4.0:0.5:0.5, respectively, on a basis of dry matter (DM). The microbial proteinases during ensiling were characterized, the dominate strains associated with proteolysis were identified, and their enzymatic characterization were evaluated in alfalfa (A-TMR) and Leymus chinensis (L-TMR) TMR silages containing soybean curd residue. RESULTS: Both A-TMR and L-TMR silages were well preserved, with low pH and high lactic acid concentrations. The aerobic bacteria and yeast counts in both TMR silages decreased to about 105 cfu g-1 FM (Fresh matter) and below the detection limit, respectively. The lactic acid bacteria count increased to 109 cfu g-1 FM. The total microbial proteinases activities reached their maximums during the early ensiling stage and then reduced in both TMR silages with fermentation prolonged. Metalloproteinase was the main proteinase when the total proteinases activities reached their maximums, and when ensiling terminated, metallo and serine proteinases played equally important parts in proteolysis in both TMR silages. Strains in the genera Curtobacterium and Paenibacillus were identified as the most dominant proteolytic bacteria in A-TMR and L-TMR, respectively, and both their proteinases were mainly with metalloproteinase characteristics. In the latter ensiling phase, Enterococcus faecium strains became the major sources of proteolytic enzymes in both TMR silages. Their proteinases were mainly of metallo and serine proteinases classes in this experiment. CONCLUSION: Proteolytic aerobic bacteria were substituted by proteolytic lactic acid bacteria during ensiling, and the microbial serine and metallo proteinases in these strains played leading roles in proteolysis in TMR silages.
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The reduction in CP content is attributed to prolonged exposure to air, which enhances proteolysis.
“Moreover, the reduction in CP content is attributed to prolonged exposure to air, which enhances proteolysis [17,18,19,20,21].”
From Influence of Ensiling Timing and Inoculation on Whole Plant Maize Silage Fermentation and Aerobic Stability (Preliminary Research) (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
The Results report increasing protein breakdown during prolonged ensiling, and the Discussion links early proteinase activity to aerobic bacteria. The paper studies anaerobic ensiling, however, and does not attribute a reduction in crude protein (CP) content to prolonged exposure to air; the Discussion says proteolytic activity may be inhibited as ensiling continues. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 34 · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [22]NC-IUBMB (Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) Enzyme nomenclature Orlando, FL, USA Academic Press 1992
- [27]Mckersie BD Buchanan-Smith J Changes in the levels of proteolytic enzymes in ensiled alfalfa forage Can J Plant Sci 1982 62 111 6 10.4141/cjps82-017 · DOI
- Authors
- Hao, W., Tian, P., Zheng, M., Wang, H., & Xu, C.
- Affiliations
- China Agricultural University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Chuncheng
- Venue
- Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
- Published
- 2020-01-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 100-110
- ISSN
- 1011-2367 (ISSN-L)
- 1976-5517
- PMC
- PMC6946985
- OpenAlex
- W2936701090
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (2017YFD0502102, 31172240)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Keywords
- proteolysis, total mixed ration silage, soybean curd residue, proteolytic microorganisms, metalloproteinases, serine protease, lactic acid bacteria, Curtobacterium, Paenibacillus, Enterococcus faecium, silage fermentation, lactic acid, alfalfa, Leymus chinensis
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