Extinction: bad genes or bad luck?

Abstract

Part 1 Almost all species are extinct: is extinction important? bad genes or bad luck? the nature of extinction who studies extinction? a word about the word species defined the purpose of extinction, if any. Part 2 A brief history of life: origin of life complex life the quality of the fossil record 600 million years of fussing a stock market analogy trilobite eyes tropical reefs flying reptiles human evolution living fossils. Part 3 Gambler's ruin and other problems: gambling concepts of randomness gambling for survival differing extinction and speciation rates skewed histograms other models a note on extinction of surnames. Part 4 Mass extinctions: the K-T mass extinction measuring extinction a note on killing duration of mass extinctions do mass extinctions differ from background the kill curve. Part 5 Selectivity of extinction: Ice Age Blitzkrieg selectivity of the Blitzkrieg body size and the K-T extinction other examples of bias other examples of selectivity the Trilobites' bad genes some implications summary. Part 6 The search for causes: the rarity of extinction just so stories beware of anthropomorphism! the kill curve revisited. Part 7 Biological causes of extinction: are species and ecosystems fragile? the case of the heath hen importance of the first strike problems of small populations competition species-area effects species-area and past extinctions the great American interchange the history of tropical rain forests. Part 8 Physical causes of extinction: traditional favourites sea level and climate species-area effects testing sea level and climate the Pleistocene experience exotic physical causes unheard-of volcanism cosmic causes. Part 9 Rocks falling out of the sky: cratering rates destructive power Alvarez and the K-T extinction periodicity of extinction and nemesis. Part 10 Could all the extinctions be caused by meteorite impact? plausibility arguments arguments from observation extinctions are linked to craters extinctions are not linked to craters assessment. Part 11 Perspectives on extinction: how to become extinct wanton extinction the role of extinction in evolution bad genes or bad luck? a note on extinctions today. Epilogue: did we choose a safe planet?.