Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,426

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The life cycle completed

·1997·Choice Reviews Online

Abstract

Originally published as a review of Erik Erikson's complete psychological theory, this book provides a context for Erikson's ideas - the identity crisis, the interdependence of history and life history, the life cycle, and the theory that maturity is not the end of psychological growth. This text covers the ninth stage - that of extreme old age. As human longevity increases, that stage is becoming of increasing importance. Joan Erikson, Erikson's wife, now in her 90s, guides the reader through the challenges of old age, extending Erik Erikson's vision of human development in its major phases.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.5860/choice.35-1209

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 1,426

Metadata

Venue
Choice Reviews Online
Published
1997-10-01
Volume
35
Issue
02
Pages
35-1209-35-1209
ISSN
  • 0009-4978 (ISSN-L)
  • 1523-8253
OpenAlex
W1592192859
Cited by
1,426
References
0
Type
book review
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The life cycle completed. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.5860/choice.35-1209
The paper
The life cycle completed. (1997). Choice Reviews Online. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.35-1209

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.